There is a need to reduce carbon-based energy and replace it with clean energy in order to counteract the negative effects of climate change. The increase in renewable energy sources may result in savings and the increasing cost of maintaining carbon-based energy. Worldwide involvement is required. The fulfillment of conditions by individual states does not solve the problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed economic growth. It turns out that economic growth is not always associated with increased investments in RES (existing or emerging new clean energy points). We have a new epidemiological threat—Delta—which could become large. This will not improve the situation. Germany is an exemplary country for benchmarking in the field of renewable energy. The worrying fact is that Poland, despite economic growth, does not achieve an even growth in RES. Each of us is required to be involved, to be open to innovation and to act in accordance with the energy policy of the European Union. Basic management functions (planning, organizing, motivating and controlling) are also essential. Failure to meet the demands of the energy policy should be thoroughly verified and consequences should be drawn in order to involve the whole world. The authors thoroughly analyzed many factors that have a significant impact on the success in stopping climate change and increasing RES. With the increase in energy demand, renewable energy is introduced to a greater extent. Additionally, coal energy will be more expensive to maintain. The more RES, the more expensive the energy obtained from mine sources. The investment is an opportunity to meet the demands of RES, but investors are currently only interested in investing in renewable energy in highly developed countries. The decision-making process regarding the implementation of renewable energy sources not only consists in a radical decision to introduce changes, but also in the fulfillment of a number of assumptions regarding the energy policy controlled by the authorities of a given state as part of this action. There is a risk (fear) in underdeveloped countries that they will not be able to finalize this project, either due to the lack of investor interest or the lack of real opportunities due to the failure to meet the guidelines of the energy policy of a given country. It is advisable that state governments facilitate the process as much as possible so that even less developed countries could take advantage of this postulate.

Purpose: The research provides an analysis of factors influencing the competitiveness of manufacturing companies. Design/Methodology/Approach: A review of the scientific literature from the area covered by the study was conducted. The study was conducted on a random sample of companies operating in the Silesian Province. The analysis of the survey data was carried out in two stages. In the first stage the relations between competitiveness and potential factors influencing its level in the companies were checked using the chi-square independence test. In the second stage, the analysis of correspondence between pairs of variables for which the dependence was confirmed. Findings: Analyzing the combined chart of points representing row and column profiles, we conclude that there are relatively more companies that are rather competitive among those that have maintained unchanged levels of relations in the last 5 years. On the other hand, there are more companies with poor competitiveness among those that have worsened their relations with suppliers in recent years. Practical Implications: The results can be used in efforts to improve the performance of the manufacturing sector in Poland through the development of competitive strategies based on the growth of relationships with suppliers regardless of the number of people in the company. Originality/Value: This study is an original study of manufacturing and supplier relations entrepreneurs. It serves the purpose of improving competitive activities in terms of improving business performance.

Establishing conditions that meet climate requirements should be one of the most important goals of the whole world in order to protect against the negative effects of climate change. Without cooperation and considerable commitment from everyone, it is possible that these negative effects will worsen. The implementation of the Energy Policy from now until 2050 should facilitate the transformation of the coal-based power system toward a more sustainable and diversified mix of energy sources. Financial investments in the countries analyzed in this paper create real opportunities and changes for the transition toward renewable energy sources (RES), but there is criticism concerning the insufficient speed of change and the costs of the transformation for society. The dominant emphasis on the optimum selection of energy sources creates conflicts, especially in democratic decision-making. Resource management is both incremental and participatory, and while decisions are strongly based on science, the decision-making process is rarely rational or comprehensive. It is difficult to estimate environmental costs, especially because there is no method for comparing the many criteria between the different energy sources since there are differences in the energy efficiency results obtained in different areas. Public opinion is of great importance and it has a huge influence on the development of the development strategies and policies that are undertaken. Therefore, as part of our analysis, we conducted research using a questionnaire to obtain opinions on fundamental issues regarding the climate and energy strategies that have been adopted in the EU. This was important for achieving the main goal of this article, which is a multidimensional analysis of activities aimed at adapting the national economy to the EU strategies that are responsible for reaching the energy and climate goals by 2050. The low-emission energy transformation is aimed at introducing significant changes for the entire economy while at the same time ensuring the implementation of the so-called European triad of goals (energy security, energy competitiveness and climate protection), which often contradict each other in practice.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the potential and challenges of applying the systems approach to transform military logistics as an element of the armed forces development program. First of all, the structure of the military logistic system is identified and discussed. Secondly, the principles governing military logistics are studied in order to point out the requirements for a military logistic system. Thirdly, the operational capability based approach to transform and develop contemporary armed forces is considered. Finally, the systems approach to develop the capabilities of military logistics is operationalized and the tools supporting the planning of the military logistic system development are proposed.

Purpose: The main aim of this empirical research is to distinguish the characteristics of innovative and non-innovative organisations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The occurrence of innovative and non-innovative enterprises was verified on the basis of stochastic independence test x. In order to illustrate the use of decision trees, the database was analysed using the Enterprise Miner module in SAS. For this purpose, it is sufficient to create an appropriate process diagram. Findings: As a result of the study, it was observed that more than half of the non-innovative enterprises that performed their business functions also abroad were included in the section-transport and that most of the non-innovative enterprises performed basic business functions mainly inside their company. The innovative activity is calculated from the Central Statistical Office showing that only 42% of enterprises showed innovative activity (26.1% of industrial enterprises and 21% of service enterprises) in the period 2016-2018. Most of the non-innovative companies performed basic business functions mainly inside their company. Practical Implications: The results can be used to improve innovation in specific sectors. Research can contribute to finding where the innovation gap is. We show where there is a great opportunity for innovation and highlight non-innovative places (organisations). Originality/Value: This study is an original study that brings a creative perspective on innovation and non-innovation to cover the research gap in the literature concerning Poland.

Purpose: The article's main aim is to evaluate and analyze effective factors that motivate employees of family businesses in the industrial processing sector to work. Design/Approach/Methodology: The research results presented in the study were carried out in Poland. The research tool was a self-questionnaire containing socio-demographic questions and statements regarding opinions about the workplace and factors motivating to work. The survey research was preceded by a series of in-depth, unstructured expert interviews. The questionnaire was developed using the Delphi method. Findings: Employees of family production companies are to the greatest extent motivated by non-material motivation factors, the certainty of receiving remuneration on time, no mobbing and no discrimination, and job security. Among the material factors, the respondents are most motivated by non-monetary factors, participation in training and holiday vouchers, and monetary factors: salary increase and receiving cash prizes. The results of this survey provide important information for owners and managers of family businesses and researchers interested in the topic of employee motivation. They refute the previous (and usually stereotypical) approaches to motivating, according to which Polish companies' employees positively assess only material motivation factors. Practical Implications: The results can be used to build effective incentive systems in manufacturing family businesses. The achieved results may turn out to be particularly important for companies in crises (such as, for example, the global COVID-19 epidemic), during which the business continuity is disturbed and limited financial liquidity results in the inability to use material motivating factors. Originality/Value: The research provides practical answers to encourage further research and summary research globally about the family business.

The use of hydrogen exists in various sectors in Poland and Germany. Hydrogen can be used in industry, transport, decarbonisation of the Polish steel industry and as one of the low-emission alternatives to the existing coal applications in this sector. Limiting climate change requires efforts on a global scale from all countries of the world. Significant economic benefits will be realized by stimulating the development of new technologies to deal with climate change. The scenarios show an increasing demand for industrial hydrogen in the future. The key is to replace gray hydrogen with green, and to convert industrial processes, which will create additional hydrogen demand. The condition for the development of a green hydrogen economy is access to adequate installed capacity in renewable energy. Germany will become the leading market in the era of energy transformation in the coming years. The implementation of the hydrogen assumptions in Poland is possible, to a greater extent, by the efforts of entrepreneurs.

The strategic vendor development model proposed by Krause was implemented in the data set, and the Handfield index indicating a more detailed analysis of the implemented elements has been used. Findings: Statistical research carried out in the form of correspondence analysis of the level of competitiveness and dynamics of the company clearly shows that the level of competition remains unchanged in companies that have maintained an unchanged level of relations. Practical Implications: This above-average growth model can be a strategic weapon for the buying company. The purchasing function can play an important role in supporting a company's operational strategy. Competition is one of the important elements that can save a company from bankruptcy or simply make a meaningful assessment of the development. Originality/Value: The implementation of the above model developed by foreign researchers made it possible to compare it with market expectations and to implement elements extending the model, thus enabling the implementation of elements facilitating building relationships with suppliers.