The issue of sustainable development is currently the subject of interest of researchers from many scientific fields. The idea of sustainable development includes the economy, the society and the environment. In the context of sustainable development, the subject of animal welfare is being increasingly regarded as essential. Ensuring animal welfare is now the key issue for public opinion, livestock farmers, animal rights organizations, entrepreneurs, transport companies and slaughterhouses. Animal welfare should be applied according to Five Freedoms, which are: freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from pain and injury, freedom from physical discomfort, freedom to express normal behavior, freedom from stress and fear. The purpose of this article is to present the current state of awareness about ensuring animal welfare as an element of sustainable development on the example of Polish companies which transport animals to slaughterhouses. As a research method the authors used the survey method. The questionnaire was addressed to the owners of enterprises transporting slaughter animals and to drivers of these enterprises. The results found out that there is a serious need to change the operation of the transport system due to ethical aspects.Keywords: Sustainable development, animal welfare, animal transport, transport management
Streszczenie: Globalizacja gospodarki i pogłębiające się procesy integracyjne, zachodzące w turbulentnym otoczeniu wymuszają adaptacyjne i elastyczne zarządzanie przedsiębiorstwem a także konieczność budowy jego strategii. Każde przedsiębiorstwo chcące konkurować na rynku musi stale monitorować swoje otoczenie pod kątem pojawiających się w nim szans i zagrożeń. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników makrootoczenia determinujących tworzenie strategii badanych przedsiębiorstw. W artykule krótko omówiono metodę PEST a następnie przedstawiono analizę wybranych segmentów makrootoczenia z wykorzystaniem tej metody.Słowa kluczowe: Analiza strategiczna, analiza PEST, analiza otoczenia przedsiębiorstwa, PKS, Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej.Abstract: The globalization of the economy and the deepening integration processes taking place in the turbulent environment force the adaptive and flexible management of the enterprise and the necessity to build its strategy. Any enterprise wishing to compete on the market must constantly monitor its environment in terms of opportunities and threats emerging in it. The aim of the article is to identify the macro-environment factors determining the creation of the strategies of the surveyed enterprises. The article briefly discusses the PEST method and then presents the analysis of selected segments of macro-environment using this metod.
When company wants to improve its operations through a strategy it must appropriately use opportunities and avoid threats. The source of these situations is not only the nearest environment of the company, e.g. in the form of competitive enterprises but also macro- environment. It is the source of many factors determining the functioning of an enterprise, which can be classified according to individual segments. Among these segments, the ecological and social environment can be distinguished. In order to succeed, an enterprise should identify trends that occur in individual segments of the environment and react. The purpose of the article is to analyze the impact on the functioning of the analyzed enterprises of environmental and social factors regarding, in particular, bus transport. Elements of the PEST tool and quality methods, including intelligence and desk research were used. The solution to this problem is the use of strategic analysis methods to identify environmental and social factors that are of key importance for Car Communication Enterprises.
Transport management takes into account a wide range of decisions: from defining a strategic plan to choosing the type and method of transport. The transport of live animals is a specific type of transport due to the type of “load” which is the living organism. For animals, transport, especially over long distances, carries the risk of injury and is undoubtedly a source of stress. Increased interest in the welfare of animals during transport is now an object of interest not only for animal organizations, but also business communities, animal breeders, slaughterhouses and enterprises transporting animals. The article presents and describes the requirements for managing the transport of slaughter animals, taking into account animal welfare.
The article presents the theoretical and practical approach to the essence of Porter’s Five Forces model and its relationship with the map of strategic groups. The aim of the article is to present the results of research on the competitive struggle within the sector of Car Communication Enterprises. The tool of Porter’s Five Forces model was used, as well as a map of strategic groups. The research sample included Car Comunication Enterprises that belong under public sector. The research showed that the intensity of the competition in the analyzed sector is significant. The presented results should be treated as part of a comprehensive strategic analysis of enterprises. Each company should treat these results as models and at the same time adapt them to its own conditions. The research results may be an introduction to further analyzes concerning Car Comunication Enterprises sector.
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