The genetic diversity of 76 accessions of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.), collected mostly from home gardens, was assessed with AFLPs and seed descriptors to evaluate the potential for recovering a lost ex situ collection in Cuba. The sample contained 60 accessions collected from 25 home gardens in the three main geographical regions of Cuba and represented the three cultivated types found on the island. Four more accessions were part of the former ex situ collection and the remaining 12 accessions were selected from the world bean collection held at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. Some morphological measurements discriminated among cultivated types. The analysis of 62 polymorphic bands obtained with two AFLP primer combinations indicated that the three cultivated bean types were comparable in terms of molecular diversity and that no pattern of variation was associated with geographical distribution. However, a multiple correspondence analysis with the same molecular data detected different genetic groups. Three of these groups included all the cultivated accessions collected from home gardens, but could not be explained by the seed descriptors. The results therefore suggest that a scientifically sound collecting strategy to recover the former Cuban ex situ gene bank should consider combining geographical, morphological, and molecular data. The findings also suggest that any proposed methodologies should be considered before developing a conservation strategy based on an ex situ or combined ex situ and in situ approaches.
Los mercados pueden tener repercusiones tanto favorables como desfavorables sobre la biodiversidad y las culturas locales. La posibilidad de generación de ingresos para los miembros locales de la comunidad es potencialmente positiva. Sin embargo, la comercialización de los productos localmente disponibles no asegu-ra que las comunidades locales se beneficiarán de una manera equitativa y sostenible (Fries 2001). Entre los elementos que se deben tener en cuenta a la hora de desarrollar una estrategia de conservación para los recursos fitogenéticos in situ, está la posibilidad de que los productos o especies de interés agrícola que se conservan dentro de los huertos caseros y fincas de campesinos consigan potenciar su uso, por lo que sí dichos AGRONOMÍA MESOAMERICANA 14(1): 27-39. 2003 DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES ALIMENTICIAS EN TRES MERCADOSAGRÍCOLAS DE LA HABANA, CUBA 1 RESUMEN Diversidad de especies alimenticias en tres mercados agrícolas de la Habana, Cuba. Se realizó el inventario de la diversidad de especies vegetales presentes en el mercado de la Habana, Cuba, para mostrar el comportamiento de tres especies modelo: el mamey colorado o sapote (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore et Stearn, especies del género Capsicum y el frijol caballero (Phaseolus lunatus L.), en mercados de diferentes dimensiones, los cuales reciben productos agrícolas de localidades de todo el país. En las especies modelos se evaluaron su frecuencia de aparición, precio, procedencia, y otras características. Hubo hasta 74 especies ofertadas en un mismo día, de las cuales se aprecian numerosos cultivares tradicionales de granos, frutas y hortalizas entre otros usos. La cuantía de lo inventariado permite detectar en el transcurso de 12 meses de evaluación unas 276 especies comprendidas dentro de 84 familias. Se incluyen en el estudio las viandas, los vegetales, medicinales, granos, frutales y ornamentales. Se aprecia al comparar con los productos observados en estudios realizados en huertos caseros de todo el país, que sólo una pequeña parte de la diversidad apreciada en ellos llega al mercado. 1 Recibido para publicación el 15 de noviembre del 2002. Presentado en la XLVIII Reunión del PCCMCA. República Dominicana, 2002. ABSTRACT Diversity of food species in three agricultural markets in Habana, Cuba. The inventory was conducted on the diversity of vegetable species present in the market and to show the behavior of three species in markets of different dimensions in the City of the Habana, which receive agricultural products from the whole country. The species used as model were: the red mammee or sapote (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore et Stearn, species of the gender Capsicum and the Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). In the key species, their availability frequency, price, origin, and other characteristics were evaluated. The inventory shows a great wealth that is manifested in occasions of up to 74 species offered in one day, of which numerous traditional cultivars of grains, fruits and vegetables are appreciated among other uses. The...
The cultivated species of the genus Vigna in Cuba have been studied on the basis of living material collected during recent missions and herbarium material. The highest variability was found in Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata. Probably this race has been early introduced by the Spaniards to Cuba. Later on several species were introduced by east Asiatic immigrants. Introgression and adaptation are considered as the main causes for building up a pronounced infraspecific variation in Vigna unguiculata. A key for the cultivated species is provided.
The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) constitute a legume widely appreciated by the Cuban population. In the last ten years efforts have been made to introduce it in agricultural production by adapted cultivars according to the condition of Cuban soil and climate; obtaining good results. Nevertheless, the actual genetic bases its not very bread and it is necessary to continue evaluating new varieties as to answer to biotic and abiotic limitation of the crop. A trial has been conducted to evaluate the behavior of 19 varieties and lines under the Cuban conditions. Nine variables have been described which allow, from the agronomic point of view, to characterize the varieties. The variables studied were: plant height, number of primary branches, pods per plant, 100 seeds’ weight, seed yield per plant, seed yield per area, percentage of Heliothis virescens incidence, percentage of seed protein and number of empty pods per plant. An Principal Components Analysis has been made using a standardize matrix. The three first components permitted to describe a 64.3% of total variation and the variables which more contributed to the description were: seed yield per area, seed yield per plant and the percentage of Heliothis incidence. The varieties of higher yield were distributed in two groups. One group characterized by a lower protein content under 20% represented by Nacional- 5HA cultivar (2190 kg/ha) and the other group with higher protein content over 20% represented by Nacional-29 cultivar (2357.14 kg/ha).
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