Resonant three-wave interaction in a spatially non-uniform magnetized fluid plasma is considered. We calculate the coupling coefficientsVjfor wave propagation in arbitrary directions and demonstrate that new terms, which appear inVjowing to the presence of density gradients, can dominate actual wave coupling processes.
This paper considers the anomalous growth of the radiation intensity, which is caused by an EM wave incident on an inhomogeneous nonstationary plasma. The amplitude of the reflected signal can thus during relatively short time intervals be larger than that of the incident wave. The reason is that the plasma parameters can pass through values, for which linear resonance of leaking surface waves exist. An analytical expression is obtained for the maximum value of the intensity of the reflected wave for two different plasma density profiles, interacting with waves of different polarization. It is shown that the effect can occur repeatedly in a nonstationary plasma with a nonmonotonous density profile, if the region, where the inhomogeneity gradient changes sign, increases.* Below we consider only the case where the planes defined by the vectors k , , E and k, , 6 , ( 6 , is the unit vector along the z-axis) are identical.
Explanations of violent religious conflicts usually focus on preconditions, facilitator causes or precipitating events at micro, meso or macro levels of analysis. As social psychology is the scientific study of the ways in which thoughts, feelings, perceptions, motives, and behaviors are influenced by interactions and transactions between groups and individuals, it can increase our understanding of the dynamics of religious conflicts at micro and meso levels. In this paper, I illustrate this point with a discussion of the utility of social movement theory for understanding the dynamics of religious conflicts. Social movement theory locates religious conflicts within broader contexts and complex processes by focusing on the interplay between micro and meso factors and the ways in which people perceive macro factors. Given certain conditions, religion can and often do contribute to collective violence. Religion is rarely, if ever, the main cause of intergroup conflicts, but is often used as an instrument for the mobilization of human and non-human resources. Appeal to religion may help conflicting parties overcome the collective action problem associated with intergroup conflicts. This does not necessarily mean that religious conflicts have unique characteristics or a logic of their own that sets them apart from other types of intergroup conflicts.
We derive the coupled-mode equations for the non-resonant interaction of three high-frequency surface waves propagating along a cold plasma column with sharp movable boundary. The plasma is then supposed to be surrounded by vacuum. Our boundary conditions take into account the effects of the presence of surface charges, as well as the movements of the boundary. The coupling coefficients are expressed in explicit forms and compared with previous results.
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