Palabras clave adicionalesBroilers. Lippia origanoides. Criptas. Vellosidades.resUMen Los antibióticos han sido utilizados como aditivos en los alimentos para animales, especialmente en pollos de engorde a nivel mundial, con fines terapéuticos y como promotores de crecimiento (APC);sin embargo, la creciente preocupación por la proliferación de microorganismos resistentes, ha llevado a la prohibición del uso de antibióticos en alimentación animal en muchos países. Como una alternativa, se ha propuesto el uso de extractos derivados de plantas aromáticas, denominados "aceites esenciales". Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de tres niveles de Aceite Esencial de Orégano (AEO), (Lippia origanoides), sobre el crecimiento y la morfología digestiva en pollos de engorde de la línea genética Cobb500. Se utilizaron 200 pollos machos de un día de nacidos, alojados en corrales en piso. Los animales fueron aleatorizados a una de cinco dietas: dieta comercial con y sin antibiótico; esta última adicionada con diferentes niveles de AEO (0ppm, 75ppm, 100ppm o 200ppm AEO). Las aves fueron sacrificadas los días 14, 28 y 42 de vida, y se les extrajo el intestino delgado, del cual se tomaron porciones de duodeno, yeyuno e íleon para evaluación histológica. Se realizó un diseño estadístico de bloques al azar en un arreglo de parcelas dividas, donde los animales fueron aleatorizados a uno de 15 tratamientos (5 dietas por 3 edades). Para las vellosidades intestinales se encontró un aumento significativo en la longitud y ancho, y para las criptas intestinales una disminución significativa en la profundidad y ancho; ambos parámetros a favor de la dieta con mayor inclusión de AEO (200ppm AEO) (P<0.01).La adición de 200ppm de AEO en el alimento de pollos de engorde aumenta la longitud y ancho de las vellosidades, y disminuye la profundidad y ancho de las criptas a nivel intestinal, aumentando la capacidad de absorción del intestino de las aves. Por lo anterior, el AEO se constituye como un promotor nutricional de crecimiento de origen vegetal, afectando positivamente la morfología intestinal durante el ciclo de producción de carne con pollos de engorde.inforMation Cronología del artículo. Recibido/Inclusion of essential oil of oregano enhances intestinal morphology in broiler sUMMarY Antibiotics have been used as additives in animal feed, especially in broilers worldwide, for therapeutic purposes and as growth promoters (APC); However, the growing concern over the proliferation of resistant microorganisms has led to the prohibition of the use of antibiotics in animal feed in many countries. As an alternative, the use of extracts derived from aromatic plants, called "essential oils" has been proposed. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of three levels of Oregano Essential Oil (AEO), (Lippia origanoides), on the growth and digestive morphology in broilers of the Cobb500 genetic line. We used 200 male chicks one-day old, housed in pens on the floor. Th...
Los antibióticos han sido utilizados en la alimentación animal con el fin de garantizar una producción más eficiente; sin embargo, la aparición de bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos ha causado preocupación tanto a consumidores como científicos. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de Bacillus subtilis sobre parámetros sanguíneos y productivos en pollos de engorde. 72 pollos de la línea Cobb 500, fueron aleatorizados a 3 dietas: dieta basal sin antibioticos (D1), y una dieta basal suplementada con 10 ppm de Avilamicina (D2), o 50 ppm de esporas de B. subtilis (D3) durante 42 días. Los días 21 y 42 se estimó la ganancia acumulada de peso (GAP), la conversión alimenticia (CA) y se evaluaron las concentraciones sanguíneas de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT), creatinina, triglicéridos, colesterol, glucosa, calcio y fósforo. El uso B. subtilis en la dieta mejoró el rendimiento productivo de las aves, disminuyó las concentraciones séricas de triglicéridos, colesterol y ALT, e incrementó las concentraciones de calcio, fosforo y glucosa. La inclusión de B. subtilis en la dieta de pollos de engorde es una alternativa al uso de antibióticos, ya que tiene efectos favorables sobre la bioquímica sanguínea y el rendimiento productivo de las aves.
Background: the transmission of traces of antibiotics in meat, has led to the prohibition of the use of food with antibiotics growth promoters in the different productive species for human consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to look for new alternatives that can replace the function they perform during the production process. Objectives: to evaluate the lipid profile of breasts in broilers of the Cobb500 genetic line, after the administration of Essential Oil of Oregano (Lippia origanoides) (AEO). Methods: 200 chickens of Cobb500 genetic line were used. The animals were randomized to one of five diets: commercial diet with and without the addition of antibiotic, commercial diet without antibiotic added with three different levels of AEO (75ppm, 100ppm or 200ppm AEO). The animals were sacrificed at 42 days of age, and breast and thigh samples were taken to determine the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. A statistical block design was performed randomly, each treatment had a total of four repetitions; the statistical analysis was performed according to the GLM (General Linear Models) procedure of the SAS. Results: the lipid profile in breasts showed more outstanding results in the diet with greater addition of AEO (0.72, C14: 0, 29.1, C16: 0, 6.01, C18: 0). Conclusions: the addition of 200ppm of AEO in the broiler feed of the Cobb500 genetic line induces an improvement in meat quality in the fatty acid composition of the broiler carcass.
Regulation in the use of growth promoters antibiotics in animal feed has led to the search for safe nutritional alternatives that improve intestinal health and growth performance in animal, while protecting consumer health. The aim was to assess the effect of Bacillus subtilis on the digestive organs development, intestinal morphology and growth performance in broilers. A total of 192 one-day old Cobb 500 chicks, were randomized and assigned to one of three diets: basal diet free of antibiotics (D1) or basal diet Maya-Ortega, C.A.; Madrid-Garcés, T.A.; Parra-Suescún, J.E.: probiótico mejora desarrollo intestinal added with 10ppm of avilamicyn (D2) or basal diet added with 50ppm of B. subtilis's spores (D3) for 42 days. On days 21 and 42 the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average body weight (ABW) were determined; also, eight birds per treatment were euthanized to assess the development of digestive organs and the histomorphology in the different sections of the small intestine. The use of B. subtilis significantly increased FCR and ABW. On the other hand, B. subtilis significantly small intestine length compared to antibiotic growth promoter, but there was no differences in the weight of the digestive organs between B. subtilis and antibiotic diet, in addition B. subtilis improve villus height and decreased crypt depth significantly. In conclusion, the use of B. subtilis improve growth performance, digestive organs development and small intestine histomorphology in broilers.
Objetivo: evaluar parámetros sanguíneos en pollos de engorde de la línea genética Cobb500, luego de la administración de aceite esencial de orégano (Lippia origanoides) (AEO). Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron 200 pollos de línea genética Cobb 500 y se realizaron mediciones los días 14, 28 y 42. Los animales fueron aleatorizados a una de dos dietas: dieta comercial con antibiótico y sin este. A esta última se adicionaron diferentes concentraciones de AEO (75 ppm, 100 ppm o 200 ppm AEO). Se realizó un diseño estadístico de bloques al azar en un arreglo de parcelas dividas. Resultados: los pollos del grupo D5 (200 ppm) presentaron mayores valores en glucosa, fosfatasa y fósforo que los pollos alimentados con antibiótico (D2) a lo largo del experimento. Conclusión: la adición de 200 ppm de AEO en el alimento de pollos de engorde de la línea genética Cobb 500 induce una mejora en metabolitos sanguíneos. Este trabajo permitió evaluar las variables metabólicas de pollos que consumieron AEO.
Broiler meat is the animal origin protein source with the highest nutritional quality, growth, and projection in the last decade. However, the presence of traces of antimicrobials in the final products, mainly due to the indiscriminate addition of antibiotics (prophylactic use) as growth-promoters antibiotics (GPA) has raised major concerns. In the search for viable alternatives, natural additives such as essential oils appear, among which the oregano (OEO-Lippia origanoides) stands out. It has been used with success at an industrial level and its antimicrobial properties are well known. The current study aimed to evaluate the zootechnical parameters (accumulated weight gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency) and blood metabolites (Alanine aminotransferase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, phosphorous, calcium) in broilers adding OEO into their diet in an in vivo inflammation model achieved by adding Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from E. coli. 1200 animals were distributed in six diets: D1: basal diet (control) or balanced commercial diet without the addition of GPA, OEO, and LPS; D2: D1+150 ppm GPA (Avilamycin); D3: D1+150 ppm OEO (Lippia Origanoides); D4: D1+1.0 ppm LPS; D5: D1+1.0 ppm LPS+150 ppm GPA; D6: D1+1.0 ppm LPS+150 ppm OEO. The trial was carried out under a randomized block design. OEO-Lippia origanoides improved the zootechnical and metabolic variables (P<0.05) of birds in the face of in vivo inflammation at different ages; furthermore, it improved the animal response and the metabolic conditions of the animals under study. The zootechnical and blood metabolites results at different ages evidenced the technical feasibility of OEO as a nutritional growth promoter.
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