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Image restoration is one of the essential tasks in image processing. In order to restore images from blurs and noise while also preserving their edges, one often applies total variation (TV) minimization. Cauchy noise, which frequently appears in engineering applications, is a kind of impulsive and non-Gaussian noise. Removing Cauchy noise can be achieved by solving a nonconvex TV minimization problem, which is difficult due to its nonconvexity and nonsmoothness. In this paper, we adapt recent results in the literature and develop a specific alternating direction method of multiplier to solve this problem. Theoretically, we establish the convergence of our method to a stationary point. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is competitive with other methods in visual and quantitative measures. In particular, our method achieves higher PSNRs for 0.5 dB on average.

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Proanthocyanidins are colorless flavonoid polymers condensed from flavan-3-ol units. They are essential secondary plant metabolites that contribute to the nutritional value and sensory quality of many fruits and the related processed products. Mounting evidence has shown that the accumulation of proanthocyanidins is associated with the resistance of plants against a broad spectrum of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins has been examined extensively, allowing for identifying and characterizing the key regulators controlling the biosynthetic pathway in many plants. New findings revealed that these specific regulators were involved in the proanthocyanidins biosynthetic network in response to various environmental conditions. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding the control of key regulators in the underlying proanthocyanidins biosynthetic and molecular mechanisms in response to environmental stress. Furthermore, it discusses the directions for future research on the metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins production to improve food and fruit crop quality.

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