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Wheat gluten from ethanol production is presented as flame-retardant silica hybrid biofoams for insulation. The porosity of 90% and self-extinguishing nature make them an attractive alternative to petroleum-based foams.

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Indium-filled CoSb3 skutterudites have been shown previously to have promising thermoelectric properties but the thermal conductivity still remains somewhat high. In order to further decrease the thermal conductivity, the double-filling approach has been adopted using ytterbium, in conjunction with indium, due to its heavy mass and small size. The In0.1YbyCo4Sb12 (y=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) samples have been prepared by a melting method and subsequently characterized by means of electron microscopy, electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and Hall coefficient measurements. The results show that the ytterbium filling effectively decreases the thermal conductivity without degrading the power factor, resulting in an enhancement of the dimensionless figure of merit ZT. A state-of-the-art ZT value of 0.97 is attained in In0.1Yb0.1Co4Sb12 at 750 K.

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Mo 3 Sb 7 − x Te x is a high temperature thermoelectric material, reported to reach figure of merit (ZT)=0.8 at 1023 K. Various p-type samples of NiyMo3Sb7−xTex were prepared with y≤0.1 and 1.5≤x≤1.7 via high temperature reactions at 993 K. Adding transition metal atoms into the empty cube formed by Sb atoms significantly alters the band structure and thus the thermoelectric properties. Electronic band structure calculations indicate that adding Ni slightly increases the charge carrier concentration, while higher Te content causes a decrease. Thermoelectric properties were determined on pellets densified via hot pressing at 993 K. Seebeck as well as electrical and thermal conductivity measurements were performed up to 1023 K. The highest ZT value thus far was obtained from a sample of nominal composition Ni0.06Mo3Sb5.4Te1.6, which amounts to 0.93 at 1023 K.