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Relationship with parents and quality of this relationship take an essential role in the process of an adolescent's identity development, yet the pathways linking parenting styles to adolescent's identity development are not well understood. This study aims to investigate the interrelations between parenting styles, differentiation of self and adolescent identity development. In total, 804 adolescents took part in this study and filled the questionnaire. The age of participants ranges from 14 to 18 years old. The study explores whether the links from parenting style to adolescent's identity diffusion operate through the differentiation of self. Results of a sequential mediation model revealed significant indirect effects of parenting style on adolescent's identity diffusion operating through the differentiation of self for boys. Parenting style also had a direct effect on identity diffusion for girls. Implications of these findings for understanding the processes through which parenting styles determine adolescent's identity development and gender differences of these relationships are discussed.

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Summary The growing rates of childhood obesity constitute a public health challenge worldwide. Therefore it is important to identify effective and widely applicable interventions to prevent it. This study aims to explore children’s experience of using a newly developed smartphone application (app) designed to promote healthy eating and evaluate its efficacy on encouraging healthy eating. First, two focus groups were conducted to explore children’s experience of using the app. Then, a quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the app’s efficacy. The children were asked to use the app for three months. Afterwards, the effect of the intervention was evaluated. 118 children aged 9 to 13 years (M=10.9, Sd=1.1) participated in the study. The children’s experience of using the app was relatively positive, and they found the app easy to use. A significant increase in fruit (η2=.10) and vegetable preferences (η2=.37) and fruit intake (η2=.06) was found in the experimental group. No effects were found for vegetable intake, selfefficacy for healthy eating, or peer norms for healthy and unhealthy eating (p>0.05). The smartphone app-based intervention could potentially serve as an attractive and low-cost intervention to reach a wide population of children for the promotion of healthy eating and prevention of childhood obesity.