Gudik or kudis is a kind of skin disease that could be found in people who
Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) is one of the forest plants from Indonesia that has potential as medicine. Kesambi has active compounds that act as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of kesambi leaf as an antioxidant using the DPPH method. Samples of kesambi leaf were extracted in methanol, ethanol, and water solvents by the maceration method. The class of compounds contained in kesambi leaf was tested by the colour reaction test method for alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenols, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method to determine IC50 values. Based on the results of the colour reaction test showed that methanol and ethanol solvents were able to bind 6 classes of compounds (alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoid, phenols, saponins, and tannins) and water solvents were only able to bind 5 classes of compounds (flavonoids, triterpenoid, phenols, saponins, and tannins) contained in kesambi leaf. The results of antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH method showed the lowest IC50 value was methanol extract (16,12µg/ml) compared to ethanol extract (20,43µg/ml) and water (904,28µg/ml). It was concluded that the leaf extract of kesambi has potential as an antioxidant and which has the best antioxidant ability was extracted in methanol. The class of compounds which were thought to be responsible for the antioxidant activity of the kesambi leaf extract based on the color reaction test were phenols, flavonoids and tannins.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory capacity of goat kefir on pulmonary fibrosis rat model. Material and Methods: Twenty-five male rats were randomly divided into five groups: one group only received induction with bleomycin (0.3 mg/rat) to induce pulmonary fibrosis; three groups were treated with different doses (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 mL/200 g BW) of goat kefir, following the induction with bleomycin, for 30 days; and one group served as negative control, did not receive bleomycin induction as well as kefir. On day 30, all the animals were sacrificed. Plasma levels of TGF-β, IL-4, and IFN-y were measured using the ELISA method, and the expression of α-SMA in myofibroblast cells was examined with the help of immunohistochemistry assay. Results: Induction with bleomycin significantly elevated the expressions of TGF-β, IL-4, and IFN-y in comparison to the control group. Following the administration of kefir (3.5 and 4.5 mL/200 g BW), the concentration of TGF-β was significantly decreased (p<0.05); whereas, the concentration of IFN-y increased slightly (p<0.05) only in the group that received the 4.5 mL/200 g BW dose of kefir. In contrast, IL-4 exhibited increasing levels with higher doses of kefir (p<0.05). The expression of α-SMA in myofibroblasts showed a tendency to decline following the administration of kefir, although this decline was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Goat kefir caused a reduction in the TGF-β levels in fibrosis conditions; however, the kefir elicited an immunosuppressive effect during the progression of the pulmonary fibrosis.
<p>The root of <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> (thistle) is an Indonesian herb to treat cancer based on empirical and scientific evidences. The study aims to find out the infuence of ethanol extract of <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root<em> </em>in inhibiting cancer cell growth of <em>Mus musculus</em> fibrosarcoma in vivo and to find out metabolite compound in the <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root<em> </em>extract. The effect of cancer cell growth inhibition was tested on Mus musculus inducted with 7.12-dimetilbenz (α) antrasena (DMBA) and dose treatment of 50, 100 and 150 mg/Kg body weight. The metabolomic analysis on the root employs UPLC-QToF-MS/MS as a positive ESI ion source, the movement phase of water/acid mixture is 99.9/0.1 [v/v] and acetonitrile/formic acid was 99.9/0.1 [v/v] with gradient elution system and stationary phase of C18. The chromatogram was analyzed using Masslynx<em> </em>4.1. The component identification was based on the m/z ratio measured in <em>Masslynx </em>and m/z counted in chemdraw<em>.</em> The result of the study showed that the <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root extract with the dose of 50, 100 dan 150 mg/Kg body weight were able to increase the weight of fibrosarcoma mice and have a significant influence on caspase-3 expression with cell apoptosis index 24.3 %; 13.3 % and 12.3 % respectively. The result of metabolomic analysis showed 14 compounds found in the root extract. There are two major compounds: 4-Chlorobenzenethiol with the area 32.51% and N-[1-(Adamantan-1-yl) ethyl]-2-(1-piperidinyl)-4-quinazolinamine with the area 37.20%. They are indicated responsible for the anticancer activity of <em>Calotropis gigantea</em> root<em> </em>extract.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>Calotropis gigantea</em>, caspase-3,<strong> </strong>fibrosarcoma, metabolomic, UPLC-QToF-MS/MS</p>
Macrosolen cochinensis is a parasite grows in Indonesia and is known to possess the anticancer activity. This study aims to explain the anticancer activity of the extracts and fractions of jackfruit mistletoe leaves and describe the cell cycle inhibition and induction of apoptosis on T47D breast cancer cell line. The jackfruit mistletoe is extracted using the maceration method. The extract is then separated by liquid-liquid partition method with n -hexan, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water solvent. MTT method is used to determine the anticancer activity of crude extract and fractions. Cell cycle inhibition test is conducted using flow cytometry with PI marker. The induction of apoptosis is determined by flow cytometry method using PIAnnexin V and PI double staining acridine orange-ethidium bromide. The results indicated that the IC 50 value of the ethanol extract, chloroform fractions and ethyl acetate fractions of jackfruit mistletoe leaves showed a higher anticancer activity with IC 50 which respectively are 362.8, 356.8, 314.8μg/ml. The treatment of n -hexan and water fraction show no signs of anticancer activity because it has a great value of IC 50 which are respectively 926.0 and 2243 μg/ml. Cell death caused by treatment of ethyl acetate fraction of jackfruit mistletoe leaf (Macrosolen cochinensis) is due to the induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition in G0-G1, S and G2-M phase.
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