Purpose: Numerous studies have reported that vitamin E plays a key role in nervous system development and neurotransmitter production.This study aimed to investigate changes in vitamin E intake in older adults with low cognitive performance using NHANES. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined a sample of 2,255 American adults aged 60 and over between 2011 and 2014. We collected dietary data by averaging two recalls for dietary use to determine vitamin E intake. We assessed cognitive function using five tests and analyzed the association between these variables using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: A total of 2255 participants aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the 2011-2014 cycle were included in the analysis. Vitamin E intake was negatively associated with cognitive function. In the Z-test, each 1 mg/day increase in dietary intake of vitamin E was associated with a 6% lower likelihood of severe cognitive performance in the fully fitted model (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91~0.97) The results did not change when exposure was analyzed as a categorical variable. Compared with Q1, Q4 reduced the risk of cognitive impairment by 53% in the z-test (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.33~0.67).No significant statistical interaction between the variables was found Conclusions: An increased dietary intake of vitamin E has been associated with decreased cognitive impairment in individuals over 60 years old. The dose-response curve showed an L-shaped association between dietary vitamin E intake and cognitive decline in US adults, with an inflection point of approximately 9.296 mg/day.

Background Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the body over time and the exposure to this element has been linked to abdominal aorta calcification. Vitamin D deficiency has also been reported to be associated with vascular calcification risk. It has been proposed that cadmium's toxic effect is exerted via impaired activation of vitamin D. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study to assess the effect modification of vitamin D on the association between Cadmium and risk of AAC. Method The cross-sectional observational study used data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. By having stratified participants based on Serum Vitamin D category (low Serum Vitamin D <70.65 nmol/L; high Serum Vitamin D: ≥70.65 nmol/L), we further evaluated the difference (interaction test) between the relationship of Cadmium with the risk of AAC among low Serum Vitamin D participants and high Serum Vitamin D participants using weighted multivariable logistic regression. Results The sample analyzed in this study consisted of 846 participants aged ≥40 years, with 422 participants having serum vitamin D levels below 70.65 nmol/L and 424 participants having levels above 70.65 nmol/L. Our findings show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of AAC also increased significantly in the high serum vitamin D group (p=0.002), indicating a significant interaction between serum vitamin D, cadmium, and AAC occurrence (p-value for probability ratio test=0.005). However, in the low serum vitamin D group, there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.197). Sensitivity analysis indicated that our results remained stable after excluding imputed data. Furthermore, our results show that as total cadmium levels increased, the incidence of severe AAC was significantly higher in the high serum vitamin D group (OR=3.52, 95% CI: 1.17-10.55, p=0.025). Conclusion The results of our study indicated that Serum Vitamin D might affect the association of Cadmium with the risk of AAC. More randomized controlled trials are required to further support this finding.

Background Research investigating the correlation between dietary riboflavin intake and cognitive function in older adults is scarce and constrained. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between riboflavin intake levels and cognitive performance in individuals aged 60 years and above in the United States.Methods We analyzed data from 2,255 adults aged 60 years and older who participated in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Animal Fluency Test were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method, which reflects recent dietary habits of individuals and groups. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between riboflavin intake and cognitive impairment, and restricted cubic spline analysis was also conducted.Results The study included a total of 2,255 patients, with 47.9% being male. The incidence of low cognitive function was 23.8%. The findings showed that high riboflavin intake was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment in adults in the United States. Compared to those with the lowest intake, individuals with the highest riboflavin intake had a 32% reduction in the correlation between AFT, DSST, and Z-test low cognitive function (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.96, P = 0.028), a 47% reduction in the correlation between DSST low cognitive function (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.37–0.77, P = 0.001), and a 44% reduction in the correlation between Z-test low cognitive function (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.8, P = 0.002). The study also found an L-shaped association between low cognition and riboflavin intake, with an inflection point at approximately 2.984 mg/d.Conclusions Our cross-sectional study supported the negative associations of dietary riboflavin intake with low cognitive function, also showed a L-shaped dose–response relationship with the point of 2.984mg/day.

Introduction: With mounting evidence, there is a postulation that Hepatitis B Infection may be a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been found to be significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerotic diseases. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between Hepatitis B core antibody and abdominal aortic calcification. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted during 2013–2014 were utilized to investigate the relationship between Hepatitis B core antibody and AAC. The study used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure AAC and evaluated it using the Kauppila score system. The variable LBXHBC of the NHANES dataset was reviewed to identify patients with positive Hepatitis B core antibody. To assess the association between Hepatitis B core antibody and AAC, multivariate logistic regression mixed models and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results: The 2013–2014 data showed documentation of 288 patients with positive Hepatitis B core antibody. After adjusting for multiple variables, the multivariable odds ratios (95% CI) revealed that severe AAC was correlated with Hepatitis B infection (OR = 1.52, 95%CI [1 ~ 2.3]; p = 0.05), as opposed to the no Hepatitis B group. However, this association was not observed among individuals with mild AAC (OR = 1.22, 95%CI [0.9 ~ 1.65]; p = 0.205). Results were consistent in multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Individuals who tested positive for Hepatitis B core antibody had a higher likelihood of severe AAC compared to those who tested negative, while no significant association was observed among individuals with mild AAC.