BackgroundMuch observational research reported that tea consumption decreases the risk of osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoporosis (OP) which are the three major bone disorders. However, the observed correlation is inconclusive. To determine the causal relationship between genetically predicted tea intake and OA, RA, and OP, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study based on large samples.MethodsThe European population’s genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAS) dataset identified SNPs associated with tea consumption was obtained from Neale Lab’s analysis of UK Biobank data that comprised 349,376 participants of European ancestry. We extracted genetic data for knee OA (17,885 controls and 4,462 cases), hip OA (50,898 controls and 12,625 cases), and RA (43,923 controls and 14,361 cases) from the UK Biobank and OP cases (93083 controls and 1,175 cases) from FinnGen Data Freeze 2. A MR study was conducted to examine the effect of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and OA, RA, and OP risk. Several sensitivity analyses were performed with weighted median and inverse-variance weighted methods for estimating the causal effects.ResultsIn this MR study, the genetically predicted per one cup increase of tea consumption was not associated with knee OA (OR 1.11,95% CI: 0.79–1.55) using IVW with random effect. Genetic predisposition to tea consumption was not associated with hip OA (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.84–1.71), RA (OR: 1.24 95% CI: 0.81–1.91), and OP (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.39). Following the sensitivity analysis, there was no potential pleiotropy.ConclusionAccording to our study, According to our study, there was no statistical power to confirm a causal relationship between tea consumption and the risk of knee OA, hip OA, RA, and OP.
BackgroundConsidering the antioxidant function of Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, it is widely used against viral infections such as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on in vitro, observational, and ecological studies. Many confounding factors that can affect Vitamin C levels. Thus, the association described to date may not be causal. To determine the causal relationship between genetically predicted plasma Vitamin C and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) based on large samples.MethodsThe summary-level data for Vitamin C was obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis, which included 52,018 individuals from four studies of European ancestry. Data for COVID-19 HGI results were obtained from the meta-analysis of 35 GWASs with more than 1,000,000 subjects of European ancestry, including 32,494 cases with COVID-19 susceptibility and 1,316,207 controls, 9,986 cases with COVID-19 hospitalization and 1,877,672 controls, and 5,101 cases with COVID-19 severe disease and 1,383,241 controls. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to examine the effect of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms and COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, disease severity. Several sensitivity analyses were performed with inverse-variance weighted (random-effect model), inverse variance weighted (fixed-effect model), weighted median, and maximum likelihood methods for estimating the causal effects.ResultsIn this MR study, genetic predisposition to the levels of plasma Vitamin C was not associated with COVID-19 susceptibility (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.84–1.17, P = 0.91), hospitalization (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.71–1.71, P = 0.67) and severity (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.43–1.59, P = 0.58). The association was consistent in complementary analyses. No potential heterogeneities and directional pleiotropies were observed for the analysis results.ConclusionAccording to our study, no correlation was observed between plasma Vitamin C levels and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Further studies in different ethnics are necessary to explore the potential role and mechanisms of circulating serum Vitamin C levels on COVID-19.
Purpose: The simultaneous and ipsilateral occurrence of medial epicondylar and radial neck fractures is rare. This study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of medial to lateral diagonal injury of the elbow (MELAINE). Methods: Six males and 6 females were diagnosed with MELAINE (left: 10, 83.3%; right: 2, 16.7%). Medial epicondylar and radial neck fractures were classified according to Papavasiliou’s classification (seven type II, two type III, three type IV) and Judet’s classification (three type I, four type II and five type III), respectively. All patients underwent surgery. The carrying angle, range of motion, and Kim et al. Elbow Performance Score were used to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes; related complications were recorded. Results: Mean age at injury and mean follow-up were 11.1 ± 2.5 (range, 6–14) and 40 ± 25.6 months (range, 13–90), respectively. All fractures consolidated in 6.3 ± 1.2 weeks on average (4–9). Outcomes were good (n = 1; 8.3%) to excellent (n = 11; 91.7%). The carrying angle of the injured and uninjured side was 15.5°± 2.6° and 14.7°± 2°, respectively (p = 0.218). The range of motion of elbow flexion-extension and forearm pronation-supination of the injured side was 144.2°± 10.4°, 4.6°± 5.4°, 76.7°± 9.1°, 80.4°± 9.2°, respectively, with no significant differences from the healthy side (p > 0.05). The Elbow Performance Score of the injured and uninjured side was 96.3 ± 5.3 and 98.8 ± 2.3, respectively (p = 0.139). No cases of infection, cubitus valgus, stiffness, or instability were recorded. Conclusion: Although uncommon, MELAINE should not be neglected. Surgery aims to stabilize the elbow and avoid valgus deformity. If diagnosed and treated, clinical and radiological results are excellent in most cases.
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