Diagnosis and treatment of “medial to lateral diagonal injury of the elbow” in children: Concomitant medial epicondylar and radial neck fractures

Abstract

Purpose: The simultaneous and ipsilateral occurrence of medial epicondylar and radial neck fractures is rare. This study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of medial to lateral diagonal injury of the elbow (MELAINE). Methods: Six males and 6 females were diagnosed with MELAINE (left: 10, 83.3%; right: 2, 16.7%). Medial epicondylar and radial neck fractures were classified according to Papavasiliou’s classification (seven type II, two type III, three type IV) and Judet’s classification (three type I, four type II and five type III), respectively. All patients underwent surgery. The carrying angle, range of motion, and Kim et al. Elbow Performance Score were used to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes; related complications were recorded. Results: Mean age at injury and mean follow-up were 11.1 ± 2.5 (range, 6–14) and 40 ± 25.6 months (range, 13–90), respectively. All fractures consolidated in 6.3 ± 1.2 weeks on average (4–9). Outcomes were good (n = 1; 8.3%) to excellent (n = 11; 91.7%). The carrying angle of the injured and uninjured side was 15.5°± 2.6° and 14.7°± 2°, respectively (p = 0.218). The range of motion of elbow flexion-extension and forearm pronation-supination of the injured side was 144.2°± 10.4°, 4.6°± 5.4°, 76.7°± 9.1°, 80.4°± 9.2°, respectively, with no significant differences from the healthy side (p > 0.05). The Elbow Performance Score of the injured and uninjured side was 96.3 ± 5.3 and 98.8 ± 2.3, respectively (p = 0.139). No cases of infection, cubitus valgus, stiffness, or instability were recorded. Conclusion: Although uncommon, MELAINE should not be neglected. Surgery aims to stabilize the elbow and avoid valgus deformity. If diagnosed and treated, clinical and radiological results are excellent in most cases.