In recent years, global warming caused by emission of CO 2 has attracted considerable attention from the public. Although the measurements from AIRS, GOSAT, SCIAMACHY and IASI have been frequently used to derive atmospheric CO 2 concentration, comprehensive quantification of the differences among these CO 2 products is still not fully investigated yet. In this paper, a series of strategies have been proposed to allow the CO 2 products from different instruments to be physically inter-comparable. Based on this, these CO 2 products are inter-compared in terms of magnitude and their spatiotemporal distributions. The results reveal that the correlations among these CO 2 products are relatively weak, and some discrepancies are detected in terms of the CO 2 spatiotemporal characteristics, demonstrating more efforts should be made in the future to improve the retrievals of CO 2 . Their spatial coverage differences reflected in this study imply the great necessity to generate consistent products with improved spatial and temporal continuities by combining these CO 2 measurements.
With the Monte Carlo method, we investigate the magnetic properties of four nanomagnets of different shapes, i.e., the circular-shaped, the square-shaped, the elliptical, and the ringshaped nanomagnets. A systematic study of the effects of the dipolar interaction on the magnetic configurations is performed in these nanomagnets, and further the coercive field and the remanence as a function of dipolar interaction are analyzed. The results show that the magnetic configuration and thus the magnetization reversal process of nanomagnets are dependent strongly on the strength of dipolar interactions. For the case of small dipolar interaction, the magnetization reversal process is mainly dominated by spin rotation, while the reversal transforms to the vortex nucleation and propagation formations with increasing dipolar interaction. Moreover, if the dipolar interaction is neglected in the calculation of the total energy, no clear difference is found among hysteresis loops of four nanomagnets with same areas, but the inclusion of dipolar interaction can lead to different hysteresis loops for nanomagnets with same areas but different shapes. This indicates that the dipolar interaction is important for accounting for the shape effect of the magnetic properties in nanomagnets.
Herein, a self-assembly formulation of Zein and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) binary complex has been developed for the quercetin (Que) delivery. The prepared particles display a smooth sphere in the range of 180 ∼ 250 nm. The addition of DSS shields the Trp residues of Zein that were located on the hydrophilic exterior and in-turn reduces the surface hydrophobicity of the nanoparticles. The presence of DSS, indeed, increases the encapsulation efficiency of Que from the initial 45.9 in the Zein to 72.6% in the Zein/DSS binary complex. A significant reduction of Que diffusion in the simulated intestinal conditions has been observed with the addition of DSS on the nanoparticles, which also improves Que bioavailability. The release mechanism of Que-loaded Zein/DSS composites is in accordance with the Higuchi model (Q = 0.0913t 0.5 +0.1652, R 2 = 0.953). Overall, nanoparticles based on Zein-DSS complexes stand out as an attractive carrier system of quercetin and the outcome could be extended to several bioactive compounds.
Graphene, which is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a 2D atomic-scale, hexagonal lattice, has attracted intense attention because of its atomic thickness and unique fundamental physical properties, particularly in the context of applications in next-generation on-chip planar silicon waveguides or Graphene's atomic thickness, gapless Dirac-Fermionic band structure, and large thermal conductivity make it a promising element for applications in photonic integrated devices. Importantly, actively tunable graphene-waveguide-integrated optoelectronic devices can potentially be utilized for the realization of reconfigurable photonic systems. Since electrical device control is always preferred, researchers have previously demonstrated gate-variable graphene devices; however, electrical control remains challenging, particularly in all-fiber systems because of the required complicated configuration and fabrication techniques along with additional signal loss. Here, a graphene-fiberintegrated platform is proposed and the manipulation of its nonlinear optical properties is demonstrated by engineering the Fermi-Dirac distribution of graphene based on a convenient electric heating method. For the first time, it is experimentally shown that the nonlinear optical absorption of graphene is correlated to temperature via the thermal relaxation process. In the experiments, the modulation depth variation exceeds 60%. The configuration is simple, cost-effective, and can be readily extended to other 2D materials. It is believed that this work can contribute to building miniature and compact graphenefiber-integrated devices for actively tunable multifunctional applications.
The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a crucial role in renewable clean energy conversion technologies and has developed into an important direction in the field of advanced energy, becoming...
Electrical current manipulation of linear and nonlinear optical properties is achieved by Fei Xu, Cheng‐bo Mou, Yan‐qing Lu, and co‐workers in article number https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201700630 based on a graphene‐fiber‐integrated platform by directly bonding a few layers of graphene onto a fiber facet. Its application includes an actively tunable mode‐locked fiber laser with effective manipulation of the operation‐state (mode‐locked or continuous‐wave) and pulse width.
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