RESUMOO presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a composição florística e fitossociológica de uma floresta nativa no município de Caracaraí, Roraima, Brasil. Foram inventariadas todas as árvores com DAP > 10 cm em 9 parcelas permanentes de 100 x 100 m (1 ha cada Phytosociology of a dense ombrophilous forest in the northern Amazon, Roraima, Brazil ABSTRACTThis study was carried out to characterize species composition and phytosociology of a native forest located at Caracaraí, Roraima, Brazil. All trees with breast diameter (DBH) above 10 cm in nine 1-ha-permanent plots (100 x 100 m each) were inventoried. We observed 4,724 individuals (525 trees per hectare) distributed in 42 families, 111 genera and 165 species. The families with greater number of individuals were Fabaceae (1883), Lecythidaceae (609) and Sapotaceae (434), comprising 52% of the total. The higher densities of individuals were observed in the pioneer (219 trees ha -1 ), followed by secondary (193 trees ha ). However, species of secondary group had the highest species richness (95), followed by the climax (44) and the pioneer (26). The Shannon diversity index (H' = 3.27) and the value of Pielou equability (J = 0.64) were lower than those obtained in other floristic inventories in the Amazon, because of the high occurrence of Pentaclethra macroloba. The importance values (VI) were higher for Pentaclethra macroloba (52.1), Eschweilera bracteosa (23.7) and Pouteria caimito (8.1). The importance values of these three species alone accounted for 28% of the total VI across species. Most of the individuals (71.3% = 374 trees ha -1 ) were recorded in the middle stratum (12.4 m < height < 26.5 m) of forest. The forest community can be considered well-structured, mature and diverse, and so it is in good state of conservation.

O presente estudo visa descrever a morfometria das espécies Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl), Castanheirado- Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.), Copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.) e Mogno (Swietenia macrophylla King.) e simular o espaço vital para que as mesmas cresçam sem concorrência em plantios agroflorestais. Os dados foram coletados em vinte sistemas agroflorestais (SAF’s) em idade considerada produtiva (16,5 anos) do Projeto RECA (Reflorestamento Econômico Consorciado e Adensado) no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia. A implantação dos SAF´s ocorreu mediante a supressão da vegetação por meio do processo de derrubada e queima da floresta nativa. Foram coletados aleatoriamente dados morfométricos de indivíduos com DAP > 10 cm das quatro espécies florestais em 1 ha de cada propriedade rural , totalizando uma área amostral de 20 ha (20 propriedades). A amostragem foi composta por 25 indivíduos de Andiroba, 40 de Castanheirado- Brasil, 23 de Copaíba e 46 de Mogno. A Andiroba foi bastante semelhante ao Mogno em relação à Porcentagem de Copa (PC), Índice de Abrangência (IA) e Forma de Copa (FC) e ambas demonstraram potencialidade para plantios adensados com fins madeireiros. A Castanheira-do-Brasil e a Copaíba obtiveram os maiores valores de FC (1,66; 1,79) e Área de Copa (92,60; 57,51), respectivamente, indicando copas frondosas, características silviculturais interessantes para o extrativismo de sementes. Foi simulado o espaço vital para que às quatro espécies desenvolvessem sem competição entre copas. Concluiu-se que, ambas as espécies apresentaram potencial para plantio visando à extração de produtos madeireiros e não madeireiros em áreas florestais submetidas ao desmatamento e degradação na Amazônia.

No abstract

Lupin is part of the Mediterranean diet and is also used as a thickener of food products. It has been recognised as a cause of serious allergic reactions. This study aims at determining the prevalence of lupin sensitisation in 1,160 subjects consulting allergologists. This population performed skin prick tests (SPT) to lupin. In case of positivity, a clinical questionnaire was applied and the subjects were tested for other legumes, common inhalants and latex. We find a 4.1% sensitisation rate to lupin, a 75% co-sensitisation between lupin and legumes, a 82.1% co-sensitisation between lupin and pollen and a 28.5% co-sensitisation between lupin and latex. To conclude, we documented a high lupin sensitisation in a selected population, thus stressing the importance of lupin as a food allergen.

Illegal selective logging and forest fires occur on a large scale in the northern Brazilian Amazon, contributing to an increase in tree mortality and a reduction in forest carbon stock. A total of 120 plots of 0.25 ha (30 ha) were installed in transitional ecosystems or ecotones (LOt) between the forested shade-loving campinarana (Ld) and dense-canopy rainforest, submontane (Ds), in the National Forest (Flona) of Anauá, southern Roraima. Measuring the diameters at breast height (DBH ≥ 10 cm) and the heights of 171 dead trees (fallen naturally, illegally exploited, and affected by forest fires), enabled the estimation of carbon content from the application of a biomass equation developed at Manaus, and the calculation of a correction factor, using the average height of the largest trees. From 2015-2017, we mapped the real extent of illegal selective logging and forest fires across the region with CLASlite and INPE/Queimadas. From measurements of 14,730 live and dead trees across 30 hectares (491 ± 15 trees·ha −1 ), the illegal selective logging and associated forest fires, and aggravation by severe El Niño droughts resulted in an 8.2% mortality of trees (40 ± 9 dead trees·ha −1 ) and a 3.5% reduction in forest carbon stock (6 ± 3 Mg·ha −1 ) in the short-term. The surface area or influence of forest fires of very high density were estimated in the south-central region of Roraima (8374 km 2 ) and the eastern region of the Flona Anauá (37 km 2 ). Illegal selective logging and forest fires in forest areas totaled 357 km 2 in the mosaic area, and 6 km 2 within Flona Anaua. Illegal selective logging and forest fires in the years of severe El Niño droughts threatened the maintenance of environmental services provided by Amazonian forests. selective logging with sustainable forest management or reduced-impact logging (RIL) focuses on the multiple use of timber and non-timber resources that are provided by forests, thereby preserving environmental services [9,11,12]. The long-term viability of the timber trade in the Brazilian Amazon depends on maintaining an adequate volume of legal timber extraction, whilst maintaining healthy forests [13]. Man's greed for the rapid and selective harvesting of high-value tropical timber as a commodity in the global marketplace has accelerated the loss of Amazonian habitats by deforestation and selective logging [2,7,14], with critical consequences for flora and fauna, and contributions to severe climate change.The indiscriminate use of fire by humans in areas of land-use conversion, from native forest to extensive ranching (cattle) and various agricultural uses, has contributed to an increase of burned areas inside and outside of the native forests of Roraima. The fuel of forest fires in Amazonia are residues that are left by illegal selective logging, fragmentation, and burned pastures [15,16]. In the past few decades, mega forest fires have been observed in the Amazon [3,17], specifically in Roraima [18][19][20], with strong interactions between the severity of El Niño droughts, and th...

Para manejar espécies florestais nativas, é necessário conhecer tanto as características quanto a dinâmica das árvores ao longo do tempo, bem como suas relações morfométricas a fim de aperfeiçoar as técnicas silviculturais. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as características morfométricas de árvores solitárias de castanheira-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K), nos municípios de São João da Baliza e Caroebe, RR. O inventário avaliou 49 indivíduos com diâmetro a altura do peito (dap) ≥10 cm. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis morfométricas: diâmetro à altura do peito, tomado a 1,30 m a partir do nível do solo; altura total (ht), altura comercial do fuste (hc), diâmetro de copa (dc), comprimento de copa (cc), proporção de copa (pc), área de copa (ac), grau de esbeltez (ge), índice de saliência (is), índice de abrangência (ia) e formal de copa (fc). Para o estudo das relações interdimensionais, as variáveis morfométricas foram relacionadas com o dap, mediante análise de regressão. Foi observado que 32,9% dos indivíduos apresentaram ht média de 16,05 m e dap de 49,75 cm; com ac, cc e pc de 12,61 m², 8,18 m e 51,29 m, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram relações estatísticas significativas entre o dap e as variáveis ht, cc, pc, is, fc e ac. O comprimento, a proporção de copa e o diâmetro de copa apresentaram grande faixa de variação. O formal de copa revelou que as castanheira-do-brasil apresentam copas mais alongadas. É possível ajustar modelos matemáticos significativos em função do dap. São necessárias medidas mais eficientes para garantir a proteção integral desses indivíduos isolados.

Invasive plants can profoundly modify physical and biological characteristics of their new environments, especially when such habitats are already fragmented and reduced by anthropogenic pressure, such as the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Here, we hypothesized that exotic palms successfully establish among the natural Euterpe edulis populations through a continuous propagule input by avifauna, high germination rates, and rapid growth. As a result, the native palm is experiencing decline and may be threatened with extinction. Beginning in 2007, we conducted a continuous forest inventory (FCI) every three years in the primary and secondary forest fragments of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. We use a Markov matrix to project future distributions of palm trees. The secondary forest contained three exotic palm species: Archontophoenix alexandrae, Livistona chinensis, and Arenga caudata. The first palm is a serious risk to natural E. edulis populations in the Atlantic because of frequent interactions with birds, rapid germination, and aggressive colonization in the lower to medium vertical forest strata. Currently, natural E. edulis populations are viable and sustainable, capable of regeneration, growth, and fruiting, their communities maintain continuous gene flow, dominating vertical forest strata compared with exotic palms. However, exotic palms should be monitored and control measures should be analyzed, especially in areas with A. alexandrae populations.

A utilização de sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) no planejamento florestal possibilita a análise e o reconhecimento de padrões espaciais das espécies florestais em perfil bidimensional e tridimensional. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar a eficiência do método de coordenadas cartesianas e espaciais (MCCE), método de correção da localização das coordenadas UTM das árvores em concordância com a localização de campo ou cartesianas (X,Y), aliado ao cálculo do índice do vizinho natural (ANND) no reconhecimento e análise de padrões espaciais de quatro espécies comerciais madeireiras em área de manejo florestal em Caracaraí, RR, Brasil. O ANND pressupõe completa aleatoriedade espacial.Simulações foram realizadas em 9 ha, subdivididos em 100 subparcelas de 100 m2 cada. Foram coletados: o diâmetro (DAP > 10 cm), alturas comercial e total, volume comercial e as coordenadas cartesianas (X,Y) e espaciais (UTM). Foram observados padrões espaciais aleatórios para Eschweilera bracteosa e Manilkara huberi. Os padrões espaciais dispersos e raros foram mais observados em Cedrelinga cateniformis e Dinizia excelsa. O MCCE demonstrou ser um método eficiente para o reconhecimento e análise de padrões espaciais de espécies nativas da floresta tropical amazônica, facilitando o planejamento florestal mediante simulações 2D e 3D da floresta.Spatial pattern of Amazonian timber species using cartesian and spatial coordinates methodGeographic information system (GIS) applied to forest analysis permit the recognition and analysis of spatial patterns of species in two and three dimensional. The aim of this study to demonstrate the efficiency of cartesian and spatial coordinates method (MCCE), method of correcting UTM coordinates of trees location in accordance with the location of field or Cartesian (X ,Y), combined with natural neighbor index (ANND) in recognition and analysis of spatial distribution patterns of four commercial timber species in forest management in Caracaraí, Roraima State, Brazil. Simulations were performed on 9 ha, divided into 100 plots of 100 m2 each. Collected data were DBH > 10 cm, commercial and total heights, cartesian coordinates (X,Y) and spatial coordinates (UTM). Random spatial patterns were observed in Eschweilera bracteosa and Manilkara huberi. The dispersed and rare spatial patterns were observed in Dinizia excelsa and Cedrelinga cateniformis. MCCE proved to be an efficient method in the recognition and analysis of spatial patterns of native species from Amazon rain forest, as forest planning becomes easier by 2D and 3D simulations.Index terms: Geographic information system; Forest management; Natural neighbor index