Graphical abstract

Cancer is the major cause of death and many factors that lead to its occurrences, such as environmental pollution and pesticides and other factors. Ehrlich carcinoma development depends on many things associated with the environment, nutrition, personal habits, and family history. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of vitamin B17 (VB17) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) that induced kidney toxicity in female mice. The mice were divided into five groups (first group, control group; second group, VB17 group; third group, EAC group; fourth group, pretreated EAC with VB17; fifth group, cotreated EAC with VB17). Results showed the VB17 in pretreated (G4) and cotreated (G5) groups lead to an improvement in DNA damage and cytological examination, in addition significantly (P < .05) increase in Na+, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration, whereas significantly (P < .05) decrease in urea, creatinine, K+, platelets, and white blood cells while insignificant (P < .05) changes in mean corpuscular volume when compared to the EAC group. Many histopathological changes were observed in kidney sections in EAC as marked damage and degenerated, glomerular atrophy, the Malpighian corpuscles that lost their characteristic configuration. On the other hand, a moderate improvement and arrangement in the kidney histological structure in pretreated VB17 + EAC, while a mild enhancement and arrangement of the kidney structure in cotreated EAC + VB17. In addition, depletion in renal P53 and PCNA protein expression compared with the EAC group. It could be concluded that VB17 has a potential renal protective effect against EAC cells induced kidney injury.

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Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic used for moderate-to-severe pain structurally related to codeine and morphine, where their analgesic mechanism is a result of opioid and non-opioid mechanisms. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MLE) on tramadol-induced testicular toxicity, sperm changes, testicular damage, and oxidative stress in male rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks (group 1, as control; group 2, MLE; group 3, tramadol; group 4, MLE + tramadol). The relative body weight, relative testes weight, serum total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, sperm counts, vitality, total sperm motility, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in tramadol-treated group when compared with the control group. In contrast, sperm abnormality, immotile sperm percent, testicular injury, and TBARS concentration in testes were significantly increased in the tramadol-treated group. In addition, histopathological examination for the tramadol-treated group has shown incomplete spermatogenesis, moderate degeneration in some seminiferous tubules with a significant decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells and depletion of Leydig cells. The administration of MLE with tramadol ameliorates the testicular toxicity, injury, sperm count, abnormalities, and oxidative stress induced by tramadol.

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Objective: Cancer ovary is one of the fatal gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Since breast cancer (BRCA) genes are considered tumor suppressor genes and play important roles in cancer by repairing of chromosomal damage with the error repair of DNA breaks. Therefore, breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) gene mutations strongly enhance the development of ovarian cancer risk among women. Here, we report that both genes are an essential mediator of progress ovarian cancer, to determine the influence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the improvement of ovarian cancer.Methods: A total of 25 subjects were chosen for the genetic studies, and three groups were recruited: fifteen ovarian cancer patients group, five healthy controls, and five first-degree relatives to a known case of ovarian cancer patients. Results:A genetic analysis revealed that a strong correlation exists between both gene mutations' status in ovarian cancer, and BRCA gene mutations (185delAG, 5382insC, and 4153delA in BRCA1 and 6174delT in BRCA2) remained to establish to have a relatively high frequency among people in this study among ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, seven patients with ovarian cancer carried all of the four investigated mutations, and five had three mutations. Conclusion:Otherwise, BRCA gene frequency showed low prevalence among first-degree relatives, and to a lesser extent among healthy controls, with only a few had all of the mutations combined. These data demonstrate for the first time a molecular link between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in ovarian cancer progression in Iraq.

Tricyclic Antidepressants Including Amitriptyline (AMI), stop the reabsorption of norepinephrine and serotonin, so the levels of transmitters is elevated in the brain to lead to several side effects. Therefore, current study aimed to assay liver dysfunction that attended by AMI administration and monitoring of damiana Turnera diffuse role as adjuvant therapy to improving amitriptyline hepatic effects in male rats. 60 rats (adult, male, albino) were used divided into six groups (n = 10); 1st group, control; 2nd group, damiana; 3rd group, AMI; 4th group, co-treated AMI with damiana; 5th group, posttreated AMI with damiana and 6th group, self-healing AMI. Results showed that; AMI induces an elevation in AST, ALT and ALP; while it reduced albumin and total protein content. Besides, autoimmune liver disorders (ANA), hepatic DNA damage, p53 and PCNA protein expressions and histopathological injury were detected. However, the groups administered with damiana showed positive effects by increasing cellular response and reducing pathological changes. It concluded that treatment with AMI causes liver dysfunction, while damiana can: Protective against the toxic effects induced by AMI in rats.

The aim of this study is to determine the genetic patterns and sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) isolated from humans and inoculated into rabbits to determine the effect of these strains on animals and the changes that occur in these strains. Therefore, DNA sequencing is necessary to apply with genetic developing for microorganisms to determine the relation between different organisms and how they are developed. Thirty-eight samples of congenital Toxoplasmosis were collected from the placenta of women who have had abortion and after their development were inoculated into rabbits. Seventeen samples of whole blood from rabbits were investigated. Iraqi human T. gondii were infected in 38 samples of rabbits, 17 samples out of 38 underwent gene sequence work from period 15 th September 2015 to 10 th may 2016. Data from 38 samples using the Surface Antigen Glycoproteins (SAG2) gene locus according to geno typing indicated that 22 out of 38 was types II, while 8 samples were types I and 8 showed types III. The results showed that there was a significant effect by the congenital Toxoplasmosis, which was developed in the bodies of rabbits, different strains of I, II, III, taken from the placenta of women who have had abortion because they were infected with T. gondii.