This study was carried out at Baghdad hospital in, for the period from November 2018 to July 2019. The study included (151) aborted obese women whose ages ranged between (18–41) years with positive Toxoplasma gondii infection. They were divided into two groups according to the body mass index (BMI) value: Group 1: consisted of 61 women with BMI less than 30, Group 2: consisted of (90) women with BMI greater than 30. The control group included (52) healthy volunteer women aged 19–41 years with negative Toxoplasma for comparison of the results. The case and controls were matched for age and gender. Serum samples were tested for fasting blood sugar, insulin, IgG, and IgM of Toxoplasma, Leptin, and Adiponectin as well as insulin resistance index. The results showed that the age factor was not significant between group 1 and group 2 when compared with the healthy group, and there was no significant change between group 2 comparing to group1. In this study, the result of BMI showed substantial increase in group 1, while highly marked increase in group 2 when both groups were compared with the control group. Finally, the levels of Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies showed a highly significant increase in the two patient groups in comparison with the control group. An increase in mean value of leptin concentration was noticeable in group 1 and group 2 with a highly significant difference when compared with the control group. No significant difference was found in the levels of fasting blood glucose in Group 1 and Group 2 compared to the control group. Also, a significant difference in HOMA-IR and QUICK- IR was observed in the patient groups once associated control group. Data revealed a considerable difference with the glucose/insulin ratio in group 1, but a highly significant was noticed in group 2 when compared with the control group. HOMA-AD results showed a significant difference in Group 1 and a highly significant decrease in Group 2.

The aim of this study is to determine the genetic patterns and sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) isolated from humans and inoculated into rabbits to determine the effect of these strains on animals and the changes that occur in these strains. Therefore, DNA sequencing is necessary to apply with genetic developing for microorganisms to determine the relation between different organisms and how they are developed. Thirty-eight samples of congenital Toxoplasmosis were collected from the placenta of women who have had abortion and after their development were inoculated into rabbits. Seventeen samples of whole blood from rabbits were investigated. Iraqi human T. gondii were infected in 38 samples of rabbits, 17 samples out of 38 underwent gene sequence work from period 15 th September 2015 to 10 th may 2016. Data from 38 samples using the Surface Antigen Glycoproteins (SAG2) gene locus according to geno typing indicated that 22 out of 38 was types II, while 8 samples were types I and 8 showed types III. The results showed that there was a significant effect by the congenital Toxoplasmosis, which was developed in the bodies of rabbits, different strains of I, II, III, taken from the placenta of women who have had abortion because they were infected with T. gondii.

Metformin is considered as an oral anti-diabetes agent. It is regularly used as a first-drug for the controlling of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, we aimed to evaluate whether the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), Complement 3 (C3) and Complement 4 (C4) levels are affected by metformin therapy in (T2DM) patients. Data from 150 male patients were classified into five groups (40 diabetics metformin users only, 40 diabetics without treatment, 25 diabetic insulin users only, 25 diabetic insulin plus metformin users and 20 nondiabetic healthy groups). The age ranged from 40-70 years old; samples were collected from patients who underwent treatment at National Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment/ Baghdad between the periods of October 2016 and June 2017. Blood sampling was collected separated and determined by using immunoassays. Our study revealed that serum levels of Creactive protein, C3 and C4 significantly increased in patients with (T2DM) without metformin treatment (Uncontrolled). Serum levels of all indicated markers were markedly reduced in the metformin-treated group. Patients using insulin alone showed marked reduction in C4 level. While in patients using both insulin and metformin, C-reactive protein and C3 were highly reduced than C4 which was approximately 50 % of decrement. Study outcomes demonstrated an elevation of some inflammatory biomarkers in uncontrolled diabetic patients. Metformin has a potential role in alleviating these indicated biomarkers.