Na-doped NH4V4O10 synthesized from a surfactant-assisted process exhibits remarkable performance in calcium-ion batteries due to its small and uniform particle size.
Full
cell calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) were fabricated from Prussian
blue and metal–organic compound (MOC) materials and characterized.
The anode materials were prepared via the simple precipitation of
a nickel salt and various organic sodium salts (C6H6‑x‑y
(COONa)
x
(NH2)
y
). The OH vibration in FTIR results indicated the partial hydrolysis
of Ni-based MOCs during the synthesis. Particularly, the addition
of NH2 groups in the ligand increased the steric hindrance;
thus, the partial hydrolysis of the Ni-based MOC was inhibited. When
the anode material was a partially hydrolyzed MOC (Ni(OH)[C6H4(COOH)(COO)]), the full cell gave an initial discharging
capacity of 82 mAh g–1 and a capacity retention
of 62% at 0.1 A g–1 after 100 cycles, while the
Coulombic efficiency was maintained at approximately 95.4%. The cell
obtained from an NH2-functionalized MOC (Ni[C6H4(NH2)(COO)2]) delivered an initial
discharging capacity of 86 mAh g–1 and a capacity
retention of 77% at 0.1 A g–1 after 100 cycles,
while the Coulombic efficiency was maintained at approximately 97%.
The impedance tests suggested that Ni-based MOCs had typically low
resistance, which is essential to achieve stable full cell CIBs.
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