Inkjet printing can be used to manufacture flexible organic radical battery (ORB) electrodes. A reactive printing approach based on the thermal crosslinking of amine bearing redoxactive radical polymers is developed. The printed electrodes are stable for over one hundred charging/discharging cycles.

Polymers with pendant phenoxyl radicals are synthesized and the electrochemical properties are investigated in detail. The monomers are polymerized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) or free-radical polymerization methods. The monomers and polymers, respectively, are oxidized to the radical either before or after the polymerization. These phenoxyl radicals containing polymers reveal a reversible redox behavior at a potential of -0.6 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Such materials can be used as anode-active material in organic radical batteries (ORBs).

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The application of polymers bearing tetracyano-9,10-anthraquinonedimethane (TCAQ) units as electrode materials in organic batteries enables one narrow charge discharge plateau due to the one two-electron-redox-reaction of the TCAQ core.

The synthesis and electrochemical characterization of polymers that bear galvinoxyles in the side chains is described. The monomers are synthesized employing C-C coupling reactions, polymerized with Rh(nbd)BPh 4 as a catalyst, and subsequently oxidized. These galvinoxylcontaining polymers represent interesting anode materials for organic radical batteries and employ stable organic radicals, which are bound to polymers; hereby, metals and metal oxides, as active compounds, can be replaced. With the use of ethynylphenyl-galvinoxyles as anode-active material and poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N -oxyl)methacrylate (PTMA) as cathode-active material, metal-free batteries with an aqueous and environment-friendly electrolyte are built. These cells are tested for their charge and discharge capacities.SECs for the radical polymers were measured with a Shimadzu SCL-10A VP controller, a LC-10AD pump, a RID-10A refractive index detector, a SPD-10AD VP UV-detector, and a PSS SDV pre/ lin M (THF-N) column; temperature: 40 °C, eluent: THF; fl ow rate: 1 mL min −1 , calibration: polystyrene.

The synthesis and electrochemical characterization of novel polymers bearing phenoxyl-radicals as redox-active side chains is described. The monomers are synthesized from the corresponding phenols and quinones, respectively. These compounds are subsequently poly-merized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The electrochemical properties of the phenoxyl-radical polymers are characterized using cyclic voltammetry and the most promising polymer is investigated as active material in a lithium coin-cell, creating the first phenoxyl-lithium battery. These phenoxyl-containing polymers represent interesting anode materials for organic radical and lithium batteries due to their suitable redox-potentials and possibility to create batteries with higher potentials as well as straightforward synthesis procedures.

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Redox-active polymers became the focus of attention in the fi eld of organic electronics during the last decade. Quinoide systems are intensively studied in this fi eld. Although benzoquinones are generally known as radical scavengers, certain monomers can be polymerized by radical polymerization techniques. For this purpose, methacrylate functionalities are attached to the redox-active quinone moiety. A free-radical polymerization technique is applied utilizing AIBN as initiator. The molar mass can be adjusted by the choice of an appropriate solvent system. Electrochemical investigations of these new monomers and polymers, in particular cyclic voltammetry, are performed in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes in the dissolved and solid states, showing the potential usefulness of the system for applications in organic radical batteries.