The European Union entered the world of crisis management in 2003 when it launched its first police mission-in Bosnia and Herzegovinaand, a few months later, its first military operations-in Macedonia and then in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This came after a five-year period of conceptualisation of what was then called the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), which aimed to give the EU an autonomous capacity in the broad area of crisis management. ESDP was partly an answer to the EU's inability to respond meaningfully to the Yugoslav conflicts and to implement the ambitious goal of an EU Common Foreign Policy (defined in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty). Over the last fifteen years, more than 30 EU operations have reflected and shaped a certain "EU approach" to respond to crises that is in various manners distinct from other international organisations' approaches. But the
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