The United Nations’ Inter-organizational Relations in Peacekeeping

The End of the Liberal World Order and the Future of UN Peace Operations: Lessons Learned

“…In a post‐conflict context, it is likely that ideologically coherent, or same‐order partners will be favoured for peacebuilding and reconstruction. As such, if the UN wishes to remain a central institution in global peace interventions it must learn to co‐work and achieve much better clarity with its regional or other institutional partners (Koops and Tardy, 2017). This also means the UN Security Council needs to recognize the importance of the security‐development nexus as well as that of local (peacebuilding) actors.…”

“…Regional approaches to peace acknowledge the dynamic (and often transnational) networks that characterize conflicts, and seek an intermediary actor that bridges the global and the national to more effectively respond to conflict (Flockhart, 2016; Tschirgi, 2002; World Bank, 2011). Regional organizations, such as NATO and the AU, have increasingly become partners in UN peace interventions, in a policy that has been termed the ‘UN plus formula’, as seen in Kosovo, Somalia, the Central African Republic, and Mali (Tschirgi, 2002, p. 35; see also Koops and Tardy, 2017).…”

Mission (im)possible? UN military peacekeeping operations in civil wars

“…PKOs fail when major and frequent ceasefire violations, armed clashes between conflict parties, and significant civilian casualties occur or when full-scale hostilities between armed factions resume during or after their deployment. 3 We source our data from the Regular Reports provided by the UN Secretary General to the UN Security Council on the respective mission, the Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP), and existing secondary case-study literature (including Koops et al, 2015).…”

“…We deem a PKO successful in this regard if it ends displacement and a failure if this is not the case. Here we rely on a mix of data reported in Regular Reports provided by the UN Secretary General to the UN Security Council, by UNHCR (which also includes data Norwegian Refugee Council’s Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, IDMC), and in existing secondary case-study literature (including Koops et al, 2015).…”

“…If this is not the case, the PKO is a failure. Our main data sources here include the Regular Reports provided by the UN Secretary General to the UN Security Council and existing case study literature (including Koops et al, 2015), supplemented with data from the UCDP External Support in Non-state Conflict Dataset (Högbladh et al, 2011) and the Correlates of War Intra-state War Dataset v5.1 (Dixon and Sarkees, 2016).…”