Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados referentes à pesquisa avaliativa Estudos de Linha de Base, desenvolvida em 21 municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes em três estados do Nordeste do Brasil. O objetivo geral foi avaliar experiências de implementação do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), com foco nas induções do PROESF. Foi realizada Análise de Implantação utilizando-se como método o estudo de caso. Na análise utilizaram-se as dimensões: político-institucional, organização da atenção e cuidado integral. Como avanços destacam-se: priorização do PSF em áreas de risco; aprendizado institucional, qualificação dos gestores e equipes; centrais de regulação, vínculo e percepção positiva sobre PSF. Em relação aos desafios observaram-se: fortalecimento da capacidade formuladora local, alocação dos recursos na Atenção Básica, desprecarização do trabalho, efetivação de rede de atenção, fortalecimento da participação social, qualificação do monitoramento e avaliação para tomada de decisão; acolhimento; filas para exames, consultas e internação; implementação do trabalho em equipe e atividades promocionais e intersetoriais.
Objective Evaluate how coverage and quality of primary health care (PHC) and a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program associate with child mortality in Brazil. Methods Multivariate linear regression models and least absolute shrinkage and selection estimator (LASSO) were utilized with the municipal level child mortality rate as the key dependent variable. PHC quality with PHC and CCT coverage were the independent variables. The quality of the Brazilian PHC was assessed using the Brazilian National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in PHC data. PHC and CCT coverage were calculated based on Brazilian official databases. Human developmental index (HDI), municipality size, and country region were used as control variables. A total of 3441 municipalities were evaluated. Results We found that ESF (Estratégia Saúde da Família) quality variables PLANNING [Family Health Team Planning activities], CITYSUPPORT [municipality support for Family Health Strategy activities], EXAMS [exams offered and priority groups seen by the family health team], and PRENATAL [prenatal care and exams provided by the family health team], as well as HDI, percentage of PHC coverage, percentage of CCT coverage, and population size have significant and negative relationships with 1-year-old child mortality. LASSO regression results confirmed these associations. Quality is an important element of effective social service provision. Conclusion This exploration represents one of the first investigations into the role of PHC system quality, and how it is related to health outcomes, while also considering PHC and conditional cash transfer program coverage. Quality of PHC, measured by work process variables, plays an important role in child mortality. Efforts on PHC quality and coverage, as well as on CCT program coverage, are important to child mortality reduction. Therefore, this is an important finding to other PHC public health services.
Brazil is the most populous country in the world with a public, universal, and entirely free health care system. The Brazilian Sistema Único de Saúde -SUS, created in 1988 with the principles of universality, equity and integrated care, provides primary, secondary and tertiary health care. In 2006, SUS established Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy-FHS) as the primary health care (PHC) strategy at the municipality level. This strategy provides a broad range of primary health care services delivered by a multidisciplinary team comprised of physician, nurse, dentist, nursing assistant, dental assistant, and community health workers. Each team is responsible for about 4,000 people. The Family Health Team (FHT) professionals are supposed to work under the aegis of primary health care principles; providing basic health care, promoting health activities and preventing diseases, as well as referring those in need to other levels of care. As of 2017, there are 41,000 FHTs, comprised of about 700,000 professionals, who care for 124 million people in the country, present in 95% of Brazil's municipalities (63.7% of the population).Considering the need for institutionalization of evaluation processes of the FHS, as well as the need to establish quality standards in public health services in the PHC system, the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care (Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica -PMAQ) was implemented in 2011. We are presently on the 3rd cycle of this program, which includes a multicenter FHT external evaluation in 2017.This is an investigation, with application of a single national survey. The questionnaires were organized into 3 major modules: 1. infrastructure conditions; 2. teams work process/care organization; 3. users satisfaction and perception of services. The implementation of such research proccess is complex and needs a series of organization strategies. We will present the methodology, as well as describe the advantages, disdvantages
Background The application of cell phones, similar portable devices (ie, tablets), apps, the internet, and GPS in evaluation have established new ways of collecting, storing, retrieving, transmitting, and processing data or information. However, evidence is incipient as to which technological resources remain at the center of assessment practice and the factors that promote their use by the assessment community. Objective This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the use of the National Program for Improving Primary Healthcare Access and Quality’s (PMAQ-AB; Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica) mobile app and management system and the external evaluation quality of Brazil’s PMAQ-AB. Methods We conducted a qualitative case study during the external evaluation of Brazil’s PMAQ-AB. Data collection consisted of interviews, focus groups, and document analysis. A total of 7 members from the Department of Primary Care of the Ministry of Health and 47 researchers from various higher education and research institutions across the country participated in the study. Data were categorized using the ATLAS.ti software program, according to the quality standards of the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation, following the content analysis approach by Bardin. Results The results related to feasibility, thematic scope, field activity management, standardized data collection, data consistency, and transparency. They demonstrated improvements and opportunities for advancements in evaluation mediated by the use of information technology (IT), favored the emergence of new practices and remodeling of existing ones, and took into account the multiple components required by the complex assessment of access and quality in primary health care. Difficulties in technology operation, inoperative systems, and lack of investment in equipment and human resources posed challenges to increasing the effectiveness of IT in evaluation. Conclusions The use of technology-based tools—the app and the management system—during the external evaluation offered evaluators a greater opportunity for stakeholder engagement. This also allowed the insertion of different organizational, operational, and methodological components that are capable of triggering influences and confluences. In addition, this allowed connections in collaborative and synergistic networks to increase the quality and allow the development of a more consistent and efficient evaluation process with greater possibility of incorporating the results into public health policies.
Resumo Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa quantitativa descritiva analisar o apoio institucional nas equipes que aderiram ao Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2014, a partir do banco de dados da avaliação externa do programa. A amostra compreendeu 2.941 respondentes do módulo II e os 22 gestores que responderam ao módulo IV (on line). As variáveis foram analisadas por meio da estatística descritiva, com uso do software IBM SPSS e os resultados organizados e agrupados em três dimensões: características do apoio institucional; processo de trabalho do apoiador institucional e apoio da gestão na administração e planejamento dos processos de trabalho. Observou-se que o apoio é uma realidade na atenção básica, porém identificou-se, nas ações apoiadas, um traço normalizador e burocrático. O apoiador institucional foi avaliado positivamente, embora se encontre sobrecarregado pelo número excessivo de equipes sob sua responsabilidade, evidenciando-se a necessidade de um dimensionamento que leve em consideração o modo de operar a função apoio. Em virtude das características do instrumento de coleta, não foi possível identificar qual a concepção de apoio dos entrevistados, constituindo-se um limite do estudo. Palavras-chave gestão em saúde; apoio institucional; atenção básica. AbstractThe purpose of this descriptive quantitative study was to analyze institutional support among the teams that joined the Program for the Improvement of Access to and Quality of Primary Care. Data were collected from February to October 2014 from the program's external evaluation database. The sample comprised 2941 respondents from module II, and the 22 managers who replied to module IV (on line). The variables were analyzed through descriptive statistics, using the IBM SPSS software, and the results were organized and grouped into three dimensions: Characteristics of the institutional support; the work of the institutional supporter, and management support in work process management and planning. It was noted that there is support in basic care; however, a normalizing and bureaucratic trait was identified in the actions supported. The institutional supporter was evaluated positively, although being overwhelmed by the excessive number of teams under their responsibility, evidencing the need for sizing that takes into account the way the support function operates. Due to the collection instrument's characteristics, it was not possible to identify the interviewees' concept of support, this being a limitation of the study.
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