An amorphous brownish organic deposit has been found on non‐arcing palladium contacts. It is shown that this material is produced when a number of metals, notably those of the palladium and platinum groups, are rubbed together in the presence of low concentrations of organic vapors. The deposit is given by a very wide variety of organic materials, and is thought first to involve chemisorption of the vapor on the metal, followed by frictional activation and polymerization of the chemisorbed layers to form the visible accumulation. The use of a gold alloy overlay on the palladium to minimize the troublesome effects of the polymer on contact performance is discussed.

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Evidence exists to support the role of dairy derived proteins whey and casein in glycemic management. The objective of the present study was to use a cell screening method to identify a suitable casein hydrolysate and to examine its ability to impact glycemia related parameters in an animal model and in humans. Following screening for the ability to stimulate insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, a casein hydrolysate was selected and further studied in the ob/ob mouse model. An acute postprandial study was performed in 62 overweight and obese adults. Acute and long-term supplementation with the casein hydrolysate in in vivo studies in mice revealed a glucose lowering effect and a lipid reducing effect of the hydrolysate (43% reduction in overall liver fat). The postprandial human study revealed a significant increase in insulin secretion ( p = 0.04) concomitant with a reduction in glucose ( p = 0.03). The area under the curve for the change in glucose decreased from 181.84 ± 14.6 to 153.87 ± 13.02 ( p = 0.009). Overall, the data supports further work on the hydrolysate to develop into a functional food product.

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