Organic Deposits on Precious Metal Contacts

Hermance, H. W.; Egan, Thelma

doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1958.tb03885.x

Cited by 211 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…atoms. 2 A "good housekeeping" value is one to two orders of magnitude lower than 500 (o-g/m 3 . (2) The noble metals used as contact surfaces on connectors and sliding contacts can adsorb VOCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the presence of an applied potential, the motion of such surfaces against one another results in a partially oxidized, low hydrogen content organic insulator. 3 ' 4 This insulating film is commonly referred to as frictional polymer, and the starting materials for the frictional polymer are the VOCs adsorbed on the noble metal. The vibratory motion required for frictional polymer can be caused by cooling fans in equipment, by building ventilation fans and even by motor vehicle traffic outside a facility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study a group of 62 humans were exposed for 2.75 hours to a mixture of 22 common indoor pollutants. Three total concentrations of zero, 5,000, and 25,000 |j,g/m 3 of the same 22 compounds were used. Exposures at both 5,000 and 25,000 jxg/m 3 produced effects which included a sensation of dry mucous membranes during exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposures at both 5,000 and 25,000 jxg/m 3 produced effects which included a sensation of dry mucous membranes during exposure. In a recent summary of field investigations and controlled experiments on the relationship between VOC levels and human health, Molhave 8 concludes that ".. .a no-effect level seems to be about 160 jjig/m 3 . A multifactorial exposure range may exist between 200 to 3,000 |xg/m 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Shields

Weschler

1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Shields

Weschler

1992

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…[16] In an early comprehensive study of tribopolymer formation, Hermance and Egan found that hydrocarbon concentrations of 5 ppm were sufficient for insulating tribopolymer buildup on macroscopic precious metal contacts. [21] These failure mechanisms are exacerbated in NEM switches, where low contact and restoring forces required for reliable operation (10 16 contact cycles are desirable [1] ) may be insufficient to penetrate adsorbed films or to separate adhesive contacts. Thus, both stiction and tribopolymer formation constitute principle challenges for NEM switch commercialization and call for developing new materials with reliably low contact resistance, low adhesion, high hardness and elastic modulus, and resistance to tribofilm formation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable, Source‐Controlled Formation of Platinum Silicides and Nanogaps from Thin Precursor Films

Streller

Wabiszewski

Mangolini

et al. 2014

Adv Materials Inter

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Keywords: platinum silicide, thin films, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nanoindentation, conductive atomic force microscopy Controlling the stoichiometry and properties of thin films formed from solid-state reactions is relatively unexplored, yet important for a broad range applications including many throughout the semiconductor industry. [1,2] Here we use source-limited solid-state diffusion to tune the stoichiometry and properties of thin films of platinum silicide (Pt x Si), a material with multiple attractive properties for electro-mechanical applications. [3,4] We demonstrate for the first time the formation of Pt x Si from thin sequentially-deposited layers of platinum (Pt) and amorphous silicon (a-Si), and show that the resulting stoichiometry can be tuned over a wide range by simply changing the thickness ratio of the precursor films. Pt-rich silicide films are especially attractive as a contact material for nanoelectromechanical (NEM) contact switches, due to the combination of high hardness and elastic modulus, surface stability, and metal-like electrical conductivity. This method of tuning the stoichiometry and properties of thin films is applicable to any metal silicide. 2Metal silicides possess a rare combination of thermal stability, mechanical robustness, and metal-like electrical conductivity. This renders them popular in both bulk and thin film form for many structural and electronic applications, such as materials for jet engines, thermoelectric devices, Ohmic and rectifying contacts to silicon, local interconnects, and diffusion barriers. [5] A more recent application involves their use in NEM contact switches.NEM switches are a potential next-generation, low power alternative to fully-electronic complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors (Figure 1a) that may significantly decrease microprocessor power consumption. [1,2,6] These devices promise orders of magnitude lower power consumption and superior ON/OFF ratios than CMOS (Figure 1b) Ð a consequence of NEM device topology and the presence of a physical gap between the source and drain terminals. [1,2] NEM switches have also demonstrated applications not accessible with CMOS Ð most notably exposure to high temperature, [7] radiation, [8,9] and external electric fields.[10] These advantages also render them of interest for future memory technologies.[1] However, the reliability of the contact interface is a concern due to tribological issues, and remains a key challenge for their commercialization. a, Schematic of a typical solid-state switch and an electrostatically actuated mechanical switch that highlights the structural analogies between both switch types. The magnified view to the right illustrates the physical separation between source and drain in the mechanical switch in its OFF state and emphasizes the demanding requirements on contact materials in nanoscale mechanical switches, which are a consequence of the harsh operating conditions (high contact stresses and current densities). b, Schematic current-voltage p...

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Electronic Materials, Components, and Devices

Frankenthal¹,

Garfias-Mesias²

2011

Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook

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Organic Deposits on Precious Metal Contacts

Cited by 211 publications

References 1 publication

Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Volatile Organic Compounds Measured at a Telephone Switching Center From 5/30/85-12/6/88: A Detailed Case Study

Tunable, Source‐Controlled Formation of Platinum Silicides and Nanogaps from Thin Precursor Films

Electronic Materials, Components, and Devices

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