RESUMO: Introdução: O Tocantins é o estado mais hiperendêmico para hanseníase no Brasil. Objetivo: Descrever as características epidemiológicas e tendências temporais dos indicadores da hanseníase em menores de 15 anos de idade no Tocantins entre 2001-2012. Metodologia: Análise de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Incluíram-se casos novos de menores de 15 anos residentes no estado. Calcularam-se os indicadores e analisaram-se as tendências temporais por meio da regressão joinpoint. Resultados: Houve registro de 1.225 casos em crianças, a média de idade foi de 10,8 anos, e o sexo masculino predominou (52%). O modo de detecção por demanda espontânea prevaleceu (55,8%) e mais de 9% tinha alguma incapacidade física. A detecção em < de 15 anos foi significativamente crescente entre 2001 a 2008 (anual percent change - APC = 3,8%; intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 0,1 - 7,6) e apresentou declínio significativo entre 2008 e 2012 (APC = -9,4%; IC95%: -17,2 - -0,8). Houve estabilidade para a detecção de casos com grau 2 (APC = 4,2%; IC95% -6,7 - 16,3), proporção de casos com grau 2 (APC = 4,1%; IC95% -6,7 - 16,3), proporção de casos com grau 1 (APC = 1,3%; IC95% -6,2 - 9,3), proporção de multibacilares (APC = 2,9%; IC95% -1,7 - 7,7) e proporção de paucibacilares (APC = 2,9%; IC95% -1,7 - 7,7). Conclusão: A hanseníase permanece como um importante problema de saúde pública no Tocantins, com transmissão ativa e persistência de focos de transmissão. A estabilidade dos indicadores aponta a permanência do diagnóstico tardio e as demandas represadas.
Objective: to analyze the temporal trend and epidemiological patterns of leprosy indicators in Sobral, a municipality countryside of the state of Ceará, from 2001 to 2016. Method: a time series study based on data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. The time trend analysis was performed using the join point regression model. Results: There were 2,220 new cases of leprosy in Sobral from 2001 to 2016. Of these, 158 (7.2%) in children younger than 15 years of age, the proportion of new male cases was 52.8% (1,162), cases with grade 2 were 7.0% (156), and proportion of cases diagnosed by contact examination 5.7% (126). Final considerations: leprosy remains hyperendemic in adults and children, demonstrating the character of neglected disease. Analysis of the temporal trend allowed to verify that the instability in the detection coefficients, reflect operational problems in the organization of the services
We assessed diagnosis and consequences of leprosy reactions as perceived by affected individuals. A cross-sectional study was performed in five municipalities in an endemic disease cluster in Brazil. Structured interviews included 280 leprosy-affected individuals who had experienced reactions after release from treatment (RFT), [2007][2008][2009]. Open questions included information on diagnostic features of leprosy reactions, sensory loss and self-perceived changes in life after experiencing leprosy reactions. In this study, 43.2% were diagnosed with reaction during multi-drug therapy. In the majority of cases, the patient himself/herself perceived disease symptoms first (n=240; 85.8%). Primary Health Care Centres were the first entry point into the health system for 95/150 (63.3%). In 72.6% of these, leprosy diagnosis was made within the primary care setting. Patientperceived signs and symptoms of reactions included skin lesions (42%) and neurological symptoms (39%). In total, 216/280 (77.1%) stated that they had perceived changes in life. Physical impairments limiting possibilities to work and reduced income were mentioned commonly (n=118; 54.6%). Discrimination and social isolation were also experienced. Our study indicates an inadequate response of health services for individuals with reactions after RFT. An integrated approach is needed, including physical, psychological care and self-care groups.Keywords: leprosy; biological reactions; health of the disabled.Leprosy reactions after release from multidrug therapy in an endemic cluster in Brazil: patient awareness of symptoms and self-perceived changes in life Reações hansênicas após poliquimioterapia em um cluster endêmico no Brasil: conscientização do paciente sobre os sintomas e auto-percepção das mudanças de vida
Objectives: to understand how the therapeutic itineraries of people affected by leprosy are processed. Methods: this is a descriptive, qualitative study, conducted in April 2018 in Barão de Grajaú in Maranhão, with interviews in the form of narratives of seven patients who had a late leprosy diagnosis. Results: the search for diagnosis is a major difficulty in accessing health services, resulting in a late diagnosis and, consequently, with the presence of visible deformities. It was noticed that the health units do not have a flow, nor protocols for comprehensive treatment, and these people are referred to a referral unit in another state to perform sputum smear microscopy. Final Considerations: leprosy control actions need reformulations that seek the relationship between operational activities, epidemiological indicators and risk factors, in accordance with the real needs of each region, thus highlighting the gaps evidenced in the therapeutic itineraries.
Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo es identificar en la literatura el conocimiento y las prácticas de los Agentes de Salud de la Comunidad (ACS) sobre promoción de la salud.Método: Esta es una revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PUBMED, LILACS y BDENF, de artículos completos en inglés, portugués o español. Utilizamos el método de análisis temático con el uso de tablas para una mejor sistematización.Resultados / Discusión: Fue posible analizar que los procesos de trabajo de ACS están fuertemente asociados con la capacitación técnica. Se observan las brechas en la producción de conocimiento sobre promoción de la salud, como práctica diaria, acciones preventivas y distribución de insumos / medicamentos, recolección de información sociodemográfica y la situación de salud de la población, perdiendo así el espacio para la producción de atención basada en promoción de la salud.Conclusión: La creación de lazos y la bienvenida como una herramienta inseparable para el trabajo de la ACS se vuelve pulsante en las discusiones. Objective: We aim to identify in the literature the knowledge and practices of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on health promotion.Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the MEDLINE/PUBMED, LILACS and BDENF databases, with full text articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We used the Thematic Analysis method, using tables for better systematization.Results / Discussion: It was possible to analyze that the CHW work processes are strongly associated with technical training. There are gaps in the production of knowledge about health promotion as a daily practice, with the presence of preventive actions and distribution of commodities/medications and collection of socio-demographic information and of the health situation of the population, leaving the production of care based on health promotion on the background.Conclusion: The discussions highlight the creation of bonds and empathy, as inseparable tools in the work of the CHW.
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