No abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of mulch on clay loam and sandy loam soils on the start harvest, number of fruits per plant, yield and quality of yellow passion fruits in organic crop. A complete randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates of five plants each was used. Treatments corresponded to different percentages of mulch of the area occupied by the plant (3 x 3 m), extending from the center of the planting line to the planting row in 0% without mulch (T1); 25% (T2); 50% (T3); 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). Mulch anticipated the harvest in comparison to crop in uncovered soil in both types of soil. The number of fruits per plant and yield increased in a quadratic function with maximum point of 38.6 fruits plant -1 and 5,182.0 kg ha -1 with 75.7% and 78.0% of soil cover, respectively. Mulch on clay loam soil did not provide increase in the average fruit mass and did not change the quality of fruits in relation to control fruits. Index terms: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener, soil texture, fruit quality, organic fruit crop. Desempenho do maracujazeiro-amarelo em cultivo orgânico sob cobertura mortaResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da cobertura morta em solo franco-argiloso e franco-arenoso sobre o tempo necessário para início da produção, número de frutos por planta, produtividade e qualidade dos frutos do maracujazeiro-amarelo em cultivo orgânico. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de cinco plantas cada. Os tratamentos corresponderam a diferentes porcentagens de cobertura morta da área ocupada pela planta (3 x 3 m) se estendendo do centro da linha de plantio para a rua em 0% sem cobertura (T1); 25% (T2 ); 50% (T3); 75% (T4) e 100% (T5). A cobertura do solo foi aplicada em faixa contínua na linha de plantio. A cobertura morta antecipou a colheita dos frutos em comparação ao cultivo em solo descoberto, em ambos os solos. O número de frutos por planta e a produtividade aumentaram em função quadrática com ponto de máximo de 38,6 frutos/planta -1 e 5.182,0 kg ha -¹ com 75,7% e 78,0% de cobertura morta no solo, respectivamente. A cobertura morta no solo franco-argiloso não proporcionou incremento na massa média nem alterou a qualidade dos frutos em relação aos frutos provenientes da testemunha. Termos para indexação: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener, textura do solo, qualidade do fruto. Fruticultura orgânica.1 Agronomist, Master in Plant Production,Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco-AC.

ABSTRACT Passion fruit productivity in the state of Acre is lower than the national average, influenced by several factors, among them water stress in rainfed cultivation. Thus, aiming at alternatives for the drought period, this study aimed to evaluate the economic profitability of the use of tall seedlings and long root system in the cultivation of organic yellow passion fruit. Five root lengths were evaluated: 25 cm; 50 cm; 75 cm; 100 cm and 125 cm in a randomized block design, with four blocks and four plants per plot. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, at the “Seridó” Ecological Site from November 2015 to July 2017. For economic analysis, all fixed and varied costs such as seed production, orchard planting, crop management, phytosanitary control, harvesting and capital depreciation were considered. Analysis of variance and regression analysis were performed for productivity and economic indicators. Plants with root system with estimated length of 1.14 m promote higher fruit yield (7,613 kg ha-1), net revenue of R$ 17,665.44 ha-1, benefit/cost ratio of 2.5, profitability of 177.5%, remunerating the family labor with R$ 211.75 day-1. However, all treatments proved to be profitable.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tamanhos de recipientes no crescimento de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo de raiz longa produzido em sistema orgânico. O experimento foi realizado no período de agosto de 2016 a janeiro de 2017 no Sítio Ecológico Seridó em Rio Branco, Acre. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições com três plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de tubos de PVC de 75 mm de diâmetro com tamanhos de: 25 cm; 50 cm, 75 cm; 100 cm e 125 cm. Foi utilizado substrato alternativo com condicionador ouricurí. Após 148 dias da semeadura foram avaliadas as seguintes características: altura, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea, de raiz e total. As mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo crescem linearmente em função do tamanho do recipiente e volume de substrato. A utilização de recipientes de 125 cm promovem a obtenção de mudas com maior qualidade em relação aos recipientes menores.

Studies related to adaptation to the environment and different conditions of water availability contribute to decision-making regarding the management of any crop to be implanted. Accordingly, this work aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of organic yellow passion fruit cultivated in a long root system in dryland conditions. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications with four plants each. The treatments consisted of the alteration of the length of the root system, namely: T1 = 25 cm; T2 = 50 cm; T3 = 75 cm; T4 = 100 cm; and T5 = 125 cm. At 120 days after emergence (DAE), the seedlings were transplanted to the field and the following variables were evaluated: plant height (cm) and base diameter (mm) at 120 DAE; total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), Ratio (TSS/TTA); and fruit yield. The cultivation of tall seedlings with a long root system provides the maintenance of production during the dry season. The TTA, TSS, and the ratio do not change when modifying the length of the root system, although they do change with the harvest season. The cultivation of passion fruit in an organic system using plants with a long root system with an estimated length of 114 cm provides a higher fruit yield (7,472 kg ha-1) in 22 months of cultivation.

The use of organic fertilizers can improve the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil, with their use implying low environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of yellow passion fruit grown in an organic system associated with irrigation and input levels. A randomized complete block design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement with four replications was adopted. The factors evaluated were: three input levels (fertilizers and alternative pesticides) and the presence or absence of irrigation. Fertilization consisted of the application of 5, 10, and 15 liters of organic compost per plant and 500, 1,000, and 1,500 g of lime per plant, corresponding to input levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Topdressing fertilization was split into two applications, corresponding to 118, 235, and 353 g per plant of thermophosphate and 59.1, 118.20, and 176.40 g per plant of potassium sulfate for levels 1, 2, and 3 of input application, respectively. The alternative pesticides were sprayed every 30, 15, and 7 days for levels 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The number of fruits per plant and the yield increased using the input level 3 associated with irrigation. In the absence of irrigation, input levels 2 and 3 increased the content of soluble solids. The titratable acidity, TSS/TTA ratio, and the fruits classified as extra did not differ significantly between treatments. Input levels 1 and 2 associated with the absence of irrigation increased the percentage of fruits classified as commercial.

This research aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of organic compost on the yield and economic profitability of organic yellow passion fruit grown in sandy-loam and clay-loam soils. Two experiments were installed in the field, in different soil types and municipalities in the state of Acre. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments, four replications, and four plants per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of adding the compost as a replacement for 1/3 of the volume of cylindrical planting holes with 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm, and 200 cm, corresponding to the addition of 6.3; 25.1; 56.5; 100.4, and 156.9 liters per planting hole, respectively. The mean fruit mass and the yield of the yellow passion fruit were higher in sandy-loam soil. The total revenue was R$ 4,311.6 ha-1 in the clayey soil and R$ 5,841.9 ha-1 in the sandy soil. The total cost was higher in the clayey soil than in sandy soil. Both soils responded in quadratic function with an increase in the cost as the volume of organic compost was increased, ranging from R$ 12,736.00 ha-1 with 6.3 liters of compost per hole up to R$ 26,249.63 ha-1 with 156.9 liters of compost per hole. Net income was negative for all compost volumes in both types of soil, responding linearly, with a reduction in revenue of R$ 80.82 ha-1 with the addition of each liter of compost in the pit due to the low yield caused by period long drought.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination between irrigation, semiprotected cultivation, and artificial pollination on the yield, number of fruits, and mass of yellow passion fruit grown under organic production. The experimental design was in randomized blocks set up in split plots (2x2x2) with eight treatments and four replications. The plot consisted of irrigation or rainfed conditions, the second factor corresponds to plant cover with plastic or direct sunlight, and the third factor refers to natural or artificial pollination. Irrigation was performed using a micro-sprinkler system, and pollination was either manual or natural (entomophilous). The evaluated parameters were the number of fruits per plant, the mean fruit mass, and the total and commercial yields in two crop years: from January to August 2019 and from September 2019 to August 2020. The yield per hectare and the number of fruits per plant were not affected by irrigation and semi-protected cultivation. Artificial pollination increased the passion fruit yield by up to 31% under organic cultivation. The number of fruits per plant did not significantly change with the treatments. However, there was a positive linear correction with the yield. The mean fruit mass is higher using the combination between semi-protected cultivation, rainfed conditions, and artificial pollination or direct sunlight with natural pollination regardless of irrigation.