Hemoparasitos em caninos do município de Araguaína, Tocantins Hemoparasites in canines of the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins

____________________________________________________________________________Resumo: Felinos domésticos (Felis silvestris catus) podem ser infectados e parasitados por diferentes patógenos. Entre eles encontram-se o gênero bacteriano Leptospira spp. que podem infectar felinos e acarretar prejuízos a homeostase do animal e consequentemente sobre seu bem-estar. O gato infectado e com uma resposta imune comprometida poderá apresentar principalmente distúrbios renais, mas também sinais hepáticos entre outros. Para controlar, diagnosticar e tratar é necessário que o Médico Veterinário tenha conhecimentos em epidemiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento de leptospirose. O presente estudo objetiva discutir os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e terapeuticos em relação à infecção por Leptospira spp. e da leptospirose. Sabe-se que o gato não é mais considerado uma espécie refratária para leptospirose, portanto, sua epidemiologia e abordagem terapêutica necessita ser mais bem esclarecida. Palavras-chave:Felino, Epidemiologia, Leptospirose, Roedores.Abstract: Domestic felines (Felis silvestris catus) can be infected and parasitized by different pathogens. Among them are the bacterial genus Leptospira spp. which can infect felines and impair the homeostasis of the animal and consequently its well-being. The infected cat with a compromised immune response may present mainly renal disorders, but also hepatic signs among others. To control, diagnose and treat it is necessary that the Veterinarian has knowledge in epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis. The present study aims to discuss the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects regarding the infection by Leptospira spp. and leptospirosis. It is known that the cat is no longer considered a refractory species for leptospirosis, therefore, its epidemiology and therapeutic approach needs to be better clarified.

Platynosomiasis is a hepatopathy caused by Platynosomum illiciens(= P. fastosum) (Trematoda: Dicrocoelidae), which occurs mainly in domestic and wild cats in tropical and subtropical areas. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of P. illiciens infection in domestic cats in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, using necropsy and coproparasitological tests. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the use of two different techniques to diagnose P. illiciens infection in domestic cats and verify whether this parasitism was associated with individual feline characteristics. For this, 54 cats of different ages were analyzed. The percentage of infection was 33.3% (CI = 21.1-47.5%), parasite load was 9-509, mean intensity was 151.7, and mean abundance was 50.5 trematodes per animal. The risk of infection was higher for females than for males (OR = 5.00; P = 0.017). The spontaneous sedimentation coproparasitological test demonstrated the greatest sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing P. illiciens. This study is the first to report the occurrence of P. illiciens in cats in the state of Tocantins, northern Brazil.

RESUMO:Os organismos aquáticos têm sido alvo de constante interesse por conta de suas características nutricionais e da crescente disponibilização na alimentação humana. Sendo assim, estudos relacionados a organismos nocivos presentes nos ecossistemas aquáticos têm se intensificado, como, por exemplo, acerca dos parasitos, que podem interessar à saúde pública como zoonose ou comprometer a higidez dos hospedeiros. Os peixes apresentam sua fauna parasitária característica em que o equilíbrio do estado saúde-doença é dependente da interação da tríade parasito-hospedeiro-ambiente. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi fazer uma revisão bibliográfica de aspectos gerais e da epidemiologia dos parasitos de Hoplias aff. malabaricus Bloch, 1794, amplamente distribuído e consumido no Brasil. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:helmintos; revisão; traíra; Brasil.ABSTRACT: Aquatic organisms are a subject of great interest because of their nutritional value and their high availability as human food. As a result, an increasing number of studies are being conducted on potentially harmful aquatic organisms such as aquatic parasites that compromise host health, as well as affect public health by zoonosis. A balance between the characteristics of healthy and diseased states in fish infected by parasitic fauna is dependent on parasite-host-environment interactions. Here, we have compiled a bibliographical review of the general aspects and epidemiology of the parasites of Hoplias aff. malabaricus Bloch, 1794, a widely distributed and consumed fish species in Brazil.

Cytauxzoon spp. são piroplasmas hemoparasitos que parasitam espécimes da família Felidae. A cytauxzoonose é uma enfermidade caracterizada principalmente por sinais clínicos inespecíficos e súbitos. Tem como reservatórios os felídeos silvestres, no entanto já existem relatos de parasitemia crônica em felinos domésticos. A transmissão ocorre principalmente por vetores como carrapatos na América do Norte; já na América do Sul, Europa e Ásia os vetores são ainda desconhecidos. A patogenia decorre da fase de esquizogonia do parasito em macrófagos que causa obstrução de vasos sanguíneos. O tratamento é baseado nos cuidados de suporte e a combinação terapêutica de atovaquona associada à azitromicina tem demonstrando bons resultados. A profilaxia consiste na restrição do acesso de gatos domésticos em áreas arborizadas que possuam a presença de carrapatos e no uso de repelentes-acaricidas. Com esta revisão de literatura, objetivou-se analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos que permitam subsidiar o médico veterinário atuar com rapidez em casos suspeitos de cytauxzoonose.

Abstract Based on morphological and molecular data, we present the first record of Cynomops planirostris for the State of Maranhão. The specimen was collected in the Inhamum Municipal Environmental Protection Area in Maranhão, Brazil and characterized morphologically as an adult male with scrotal testicles, dorsal pelage reddish chestnut, with ventral pelage slightly lighter in color, forearm length 34.70-34.80mm dental formula i:1/1, c:1/1, pm:1/2, m:3/3 = 26. The sequence of the Cytochrome Oxidase I subunit (COI) molecular marker confirmed the morphological diagnosis of the specimen as C. planirostris with significant similarities. The combined analysis of both morphological and molecular confirmed the occurrence of C. planirostris in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, in the Cerrado biome and records extends the known geographic distribution of the species by 411.30 km.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. are protozoa that have a significant impact on animal health due to the diseases they cause in domestic and wild animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and Neospora spp. in cats from northern Brazil. Serum samples were collected from 180 cats in the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins and used to evaluate the presence of anti-T. gondii and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test, with a cutoff of 1:64 and 1:25, respectively. The association between infection and individual animal characteristics (age, sex, origin, breed, and clinical signs) was tested using univariate analysis, followed by multivariate logistic regression. We found that 48.3% (87/180) of the animals had anti-T. gondii (95% CI: 40.8%–55.90%) and 3.9% (7/180) had anti-Neospora spp. (95% CI: 1.6%–7.8%) antibodies. There was no association between age, sex, breed origin, clinical signs, and seropositivity for T. gondii. Cats of defined breeds were more likely to be infected by Neospora spp. (OR = 10.7). Therefore, we found a high rate of seropositivity for T. gondii and a high rate of occurrence of Neospora infections in cats from the Araguaína region. The exposure of the feline population to the studied coccidia indicates the need to monitor the feline population for these infections and underscores the importance of effective sanitary measures against such pathogens.

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