BackgroundThere was a low adherence to influenza A (H1N1) vaccination program among university students and health care workers during the pandemic influenza in many parts of the world. Vaccination of high risk individuals is one of the recommendations of World Health Organization during the post-pandemic period. It is not documented about the student's knowledge, attitude and willingness to accept H1N1 vaccination during the post-pandemic period. We aimed to analyze the student's knowledge, attitude and willingness to accept H1N1 vaccination during the post-pandemic period in India.MethodsVaccine against H1N1 was made available to the students of Vellore Institute of Technology, India from September 2010. The data are based on a cross-sectional study conducted during October 2010 to January 2011 using a self-administered questionnaire with a representative sample of the student population (N = 802).ResultsOf the 802 respondents, only 102/802 (12.7%) had been vaccinated and 105/802 (13%) planned to do so in the future, while 595/802 (74%) would probably or definitely not get vaccinated in the future. The highest coverage was among the female (65/102, 63.7%) and non-compliance was higher among men in the group (384/595; 64.5%) (p < 0.0001). The representation of students from school of Bio-sciences and Bio-technology among vaccinees is significantly higher than that of other schools. Majority of the study population from the three groups perceived vaccine against H1N1 as the effective preventive measure when compared to other preventive measures. 250/595 (42%) of the responders argued of not being in the risk group. The risk perception was significantly higher among female (p < 0.0001). With in the study group, 453/802 (56.4%) said that they got the information, mostly from media.ConclusionsOur study shows that the vaccination coverage among university students remains very low in the post-pandemic period and doubts about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine are key elements in their rejection. Our results indicate a need to provide accessible information about the vaccine safety by scientific authorities and fill gaps and confusions in this regard.

Abstract. Inhibins are gonadal peptide hormones belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily that regulate the pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by negative feedback mechanisms. It is evident that the understanding of inhibins function in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis will provide insights into physiology and pathology of the gonadal function. In recent years, a great deal of attention has been focussed on clinical relevance of measuring circulating inhibins in normal and disease state. The past few years also have witnessed the emergence and discovery of extra pituitary action of inhibins that might provide further insights into the underlying diseases like cancer especially in the reproductive axis and various other new endocrine target organs. In this review after systematic analysis of literature, we discuss briefly the known and recent advances in function of these hormones highlighting also its structure, production and mechanisms of signal transduction. Also this review discusses about the physiological relevance of inhibin association in the normal function to the development of reproductive cancers. Finally, we describe evidence from various emerging studies that inhibins make an important contribution to other physiological functions apart from reproduction which reveals new endocrine target organs of inhibins. The emerging view is inhibin participates in multiple ways to regulate the function in different cell types and still complete repertoire of its actions is under investigation. Key words: Inhibin, Transforming growth factor, Ovarian cancer, Activins, BetaglycanMAMMAliAn reproduction is intricate, highly ordered and is coordinated by assorted neural, neuroendocrine, endocrine, autocrine and paracrine cell-cell communication pathways. Many of the pioneering discoveries meticulously demonstrated the roles of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that stimulates pituitary gonadotropins such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH), which directly control gonadal functions. Subsequent breakthroughs in the advancement of molecular biology and in understanding signal transduction mechanisms suggested involvement of various cytokines and growth factors at each level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the paracrine/autocrine control of different programmed reproductive events. Members include inhibins and activins, belonging to the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) super family and follistatin (FS), a structurally distinct though functionally related molecule. It has been more than 70 years since the identification of negative feedback control of pituitary FSH secretion by inhibins. These factors also were shown to act in autocrine, endocrine or paracrine manner within the reproductive tissues, but the identification of specific pathways in different cellular context along the gonadal axis is still quite unclear and should thus be further investigated. The discovery process of extra pituitary action of ...

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Dermatoglyphics, the study of palm prints and fingerprints, is currently a precious method for the early detection of premalignant lesions, dental caries, systemic disorders, hereditary diseases, and syndromes. Palmar dermatoglyphics can indicate the development of potentially malignant lesions and help identify people at high risk of developing oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) , and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC), which cause panic and hold an excessively high ranking as killers. Another important condition that has become a major public health issue in the South Indian population is oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), which is correlated with genetic abnormalities and is used in biomedical studies. Similarly, anthropologists and medical professionals have long found the study of the human hand fascinating, as have psychologists, novelists, artists, and chiromancers. Fingerprints do not change when the body decays, just as they change from birth to death. Our systematic review aims to assess the correlation between dermatoglyphics and oral precancerous and cancerous lesions in the human population and to investigate the embryogenesis and topology of dermatoglyphics, emphasizing the many types of research involving dermatoglyphics in many disciplines of medicine and dentistry. In our systematic review, we have collected many review papers using databases including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science to determine the importance of dermatoglyphics in oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. The data from our systematic review showed a link between oral precancerous and cancerous lesions, which suggests that dermatoglyphics could be used to find precancerous and cancerous lesions in the oral cavity early.

In medical colleges, cadaveric dissection is an effective anatomy teaching method. Cadaveric dissections put students at the center of learning and show structures in their natural environment. However, most students dislike autopsy dissection since it's tedious and time-consuming. Thus, our study examined first-year medical students' attitudes toward dissection to learn anatomy. After the semester, students received a 3-domain questionnaire on preparedness, attitude, and restrictions. All information was gathered and recorded anonymously using Google forms. Each domain has many questions that add up to a score that shows how well they are prepared and how far online learning can go. One hundred MBBS first-year students participated in online anatomy lessons. After online courses, consenting students completed Google feedback forms regarding their experiences, which were examined and quantified. One hundred students completed the questionnaire and provided comments. Online courses were the most fantastic method to study human anatomy in medical school, according to 97.2%. Only 32.8% of students were uneasy, utilizing visuals to illustrate the softer aspects. Students' emotions and attitudes during corpse dissection varied by gender. Online was more appealing to males than women. Students prefer online courses over image-based ones because of the flexibility of time management and seating configuration. The statistical analysis revealed significant gender-related inequalities in student opinions. Other medical students showed similar variances at various phases of the research. The online anatomy classes for AVMC&H medical students were easy and enjoyable and utilized the "steeplechase" method. Our study shows the pros and cons of online education. Trainers/instructors should examine using online live forms as an instructional tool in anatomy training and generate new anatomy-related films for formal live teaching in the medical curriculum to accomplish this goal. However, additional study is needed to determine how much online education affects student learning and training.

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