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This work describes the mutagenic response of Sudan III, an adulterant food dye, using Salmonella typhimurium assay and the generation of hazardous aromatic amines after different oxidation methods of this azo dye. For that, we used metabolic activation by S9, catalytic oxidation by ironporphyrin and electrochemistry oxidation in order to simulate endogenous oxidation conditions. The oxidation reactions promoted discoloration from 65% to 95% of Sudan III at 1 × 10(-4)molL(-1) and generation of 7.6 × 10(-7)molL(-1) to 0.31 × 10(-4)molL(-1) of aniline, o-anisidine, 2-methoxi-5-methylaniline, 4-aminobiphenyl, 4,4'-oxydianiline; 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and 2,6-dimethylaniline. The results were confirmed by LC-MS-MS experiments. We also correlate the mutagenic effects of Sudan III using S. typhimurium with the strain TA1535 in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation (S9) with the metabolization products of this compound. Our findings clearly indicate that aromatic amines are formed due to oxidative reactions that can be promoted by hepatic cells, after the ingestion of Sudan III. Considering that, the use of azo compounds as food dyestuffs should be carefully controlled.

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Indigo carmine forms a stable complex with different ions, and the stability constant of the complexes were evaluated as log K equal to 5.75; 5.00; 4.89 and 3.89 for complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively, in 0.1 mol L -1 carbonate buffer solution at pH 10. The interaction between Cu(II) ions and indigo carmine (IC) in alkaline medium resulted in the formation of the Cu 2 (IC) complex, measured by the spectrophotometric method, with a stoichiometric ratio between indigo carmine and metal ions of 2:1 (metal-ligand). The reported method has also been successfully tested for determination of copper in pharmaceutical compounds based on copper-gluconate without pre-treatment.Uniterms: Metal sequestration. Indigo carmine. Food dye/complexation. Spectrophotometric analysis. Copper/determination. Índigo carmim forma complexos estáveis com diferentes íons e a constante de estabilidade dos complexos foi avaliada como log K igual 5,75; 5,00; 4,89 e 3,89, respectivamente, para os complexos com os íons Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) e Zn(II) em solução tampão carbonato 0,1 mol L -1 , pH 10. A interação entre o íon Cu(II) e índigo carmin (IC) em meio alcalino resultou na formação do complexo Cu 2 (IC) monitorado por método espectrofotométrico, com razão estequiométrica entre o índigo carmim e o íon metálico de 2:1 (metal-ligante). O método relatado também tem sido testado com sucesso para determinação de cobre em compostos farmacêuticos à base de cobre-gliconato sem qualquer pré-tratamento. Unitermos: Sequestro de metal. Índigo carmim. Corante alimentar/complexação. Análise espectrofotométrica. Cobre/determinação.

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