The Chemistry and Toxicity of Hair Dyes

Oliveira, Ricardo A. G. de; Zanoni, Thalita B.; Bessegato, Guilherme G.; Oliveira, Danielle Palma de; Umbuzeiro, Gisela de Aragão; Zanoni, María Valnice Boldrin

doi:10.5935/0100-4042.20140143

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the extensive list of existing hair products, for various functions, hair dyes are very prominent . Hair dyeing is one of the most common and routine esthetical procedures practiced worldwide by near half of women and a quarter of men population . More people are using hair dye every day, and this has led to the hair dye market growing in recent decades, becoming one of the most important and lucrative areas in the cosmetics industry .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair dyeing is one of the most common and routine esthetical procedures practiced worldwide by near half of women and a quarter of men population . More people are using hair dye every day, and this has led to the hair dye market growing in recent decades, becoming one of the most important and lucrative areas in the cosmetics industry . To meet a growing demand from highly demanding consumers, the hair dye industry has been one of the industries that has invested the most in recent years in the development, creation, refinement and innovation of new products of different colors and brands with greater versatility, effective, durable and safe …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many kinds of hair dyes, and these are classified according to the source, such as natural, mineral and synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are the most commonly used, and are classified into three different types according to durability: temporary, semi‐permanent and permanent . The permanent dyes are the most consumed, representing about 70–80 % of the world dye market …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of dyeing hair with permanent dyes is quite complex and involves multiple components with different functions, such as complex oxidative reactions between the precursor and the coupler agents in alkaline and oxidative medium of hydrogen peroxide . Basically, the mixture of these compounds is applied to the hair, and the precursors and the couplers, along with hydrogen peroxide, diffuse into the hair, more specifically into the cortex, where after a series of successive specific chemical reactions, they form a colored compound, with high molar mass, that is absorbed by the capillary cortex …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Hair Keratin Direct Electrochemistry and In Situ Interaction with p‐Toluenediamine and p‐Aminophenol Hair Dye Precursors using a Keratin Electrochemical Biosensor

et al. 2020

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Keratin is the main protein in hair strands. The process of dyeing hair with permanent dyes is quite complex and involves oxidative reactions between precursors, such as p‐toluenediamine (PTD) and p‐aminophenol (PAP), and coupler agents, in alkaline and oxidative medium, inside the hair. The electrochemical behaviour of native and denatured human hair keratin, assessed by using a keratin multilayer film adsorbed on glassy carbon electrode, and its interaction with hair dye precursors, PTD and PAP, by using electrochemical techniques, was investigated. Native and denatured keratin electrochemical oxidation showed two oxidation peaks; the first was first attributed to the cysteine amino acid residues, and the second to the cysteine and methionine amino acids residues. The PTD‐ and PAP‐keratin‐hair dye interactions induced damage, causing the unfolding of the keratin morphological structure, and new additional peaks of the cysteine and tyrosine amino acid residues were revealed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Human Hair Keratin Direct Electrochemistry and In Situ Interaction with p‐Toluenediamine and p‐Aminophenol Hair Dye Precursors using a Keratin Electrochemical Biosensor

et al. 2020

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Multi‐responses Methodology Applied in the Electroanalytical Determination of Hair Dye by Using Printed Carbon Electrode Modified with Graphene

2015

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[a] 1Introduction Thec hange in hair color is ap ractice widely used by men and women to improve the appearance.R ecent research shows that 8-25 %o fm en and 75 %o fw omen in Denmark and the US make use of hair dye.T hese numbers are even higher in Japan, whose hair coloring reaches 85 %o fw omen and 33 %f or men before 20 years [ 1,2]. Hair colorants are classified as permanent, semi-permanent and temporary hair dyes [3].T he class of temporary dyes is used with the aim to provide ar apid change in hair coloring, but not persistent fixation and is marketed in the form of lotions,s hampoos,s prays and others [3,4]. Ther eleaseo ft hese dyes in the wastewaters from washes in salons is ag reat environmental problem and has demandeda nalyticalm ethods for its determination [ 5,6]. Amongt hem,t he determination of basic blue 41 (BB-41 dye) has gained attention, since it is widely used in these products.I ts determination is described by PELEZ-CID et. al. using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection [7].S eparations were conducted with as olvent mixture of acetonitrile/methanol (75 :25, v/v) containing 1mol L À1 acetic acid and 10 mM sodiuma cetate.T he limit of detection was 1.49 mmolL À1.H owever, these methodsu sually require large amounts of samples, sample preparation,h igh analysis time,g reat use of solvents and the detection is not compatible with the level required for surface or drinking water treatment plant for instance.Taking into account that the BB-41 dye bear azo group easily reduced [8],n ew electrochemical methods focused on their determination using rapid,p racticable and sensible sensor should be very relevant. Forthis the use of graphene as modifier is proposed.Graphene is af lat sheet of carbon atoms with sp 2 bonds that are densely compacted, and extremely thin,assembled in ah exagonalc rystalline structure [9,10].D ue to its structural, electrical, chemical, optical, and mechanical extraordinary properties and large surface area, graphene and its derivatives have attracted great interest in their applications in the constructiono fe lectrochemical sensors in aw ide range of detection possibilities [11,12]. Thus,t he surface modification of screen-printed electrodes with graphenec ould be av iable alternative measure of BB-41 dye at low concentration using disposable electrodes.W ang et al. have demonstrated that screen-printed electrodes modified for bismuth/graphene/ionic liquid Abstract:T his paper describes ar apid and sensitive methodf or determination of the hair dye Basic Blue 41 in wastewater samples using screen-printedc arbon electrodes modified with graphene (SPCE/Gr). Them ethod is based on the reversible reduction of azo groups of the dye at potential of À0.23 V/À0.26 V, where both the anodic and cathodicc urrents increased 1,300 %w hen compared to screen-printed carbon (SPCE) and glassy carbon electrodes (GCE ,s howed relative standard deviationo f3 .56 and 0.57 %, respectively.T he sensor based in SPCE/Gr was successfully applied in wastewater samples collect...

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Assessment of several advanced oxidation processes applied in the treatment of environmental concern constituents from a real hair dye wastewater

Bessegato

Souza

Cardoso

et al. 2018

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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The Chemistry and Toxicity of Hair Dyes

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Human Hair Keratin Direct Electrochemistry and In Situ Interaction with p‐Toluenediamine and p‐Aminophenol Hair Dye Precursors using a Keratin Electrochemical Biosensor

Human Hair Keratin Direct Electrochemistry and In Situ Interaction with p‐Toluenediamine and p‐Aminophenol Hair Dye Precursors using a Keratin Electrochemical Biosensor

Multi‐responses Methodology Applied in the Electroanalytical Determination of Hair Dye by Using Printed Carbon Electrode Modified with Graphene

Assessment of several advanced oxidation processes applied in the treatment of environmental concern constituents from a real hair dye wastewater

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