Objectives: To characterize the scientific production on Palliative Care in the process of human terminality in the Health field, from 2007 to 2016.
Palliative care is aimed at people with diseases without perspective of cure or terminally, aiming to provide a better quality of life. This study aims to investigating the discourse of nurses about their understanding of palliative care to elderly patient with cancer and identify strategies used by nurses to promote palliative care to the elderly cancer patient. It is an exploratory research of a qualitative nature, carried out with thirteen nurses from a philanthropic institution in the city of João Pessoa, through a questionnaire. The empirical material was subjected to thematic content analysis, resulting in three categories: design of nurses to assist the elderly in Palliative Care: promoting comfort and minimizing the suffering, the importance of palliative care in humanized care to the elderly with cancer and strategies for the Promotion of Care of the Elderly with Cancer. Participants highlighted the palliative care as essential in the humanization of care, ensuring the dignity and quality of life among the elderly with cancer without possibilities of cure, adding such assistance, the family.
O trato gastrointestinal das aves é colonizado por microrganismos benéficos e maléficos, vivendo de maneira comensal. As bactérias benéficas influenciam positivamente a integridade intestinal, funcionalidade da barreira de proteção, resposta imunológica, digestão e absorção dos nutrientes. As bactérias maléficas causadoras de enterites nas aves são: Clostridium colinum (enterite ulcerativa), Clostridium perfringens (enterite necrótica), Campylobacter jejuni e Campylobacter coli (enterite hemorrágica), Escherichia coli, Salmonella entérica (Salmonella pullorum - pulorose e Salmonella gallinarum - tifo aviário). Os protozoários causadores de enterites são: Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella (causam a coccidiose), Cryptosporidium meleagridis, Cryptosporidium baileyi e Cryptosporidium galli. Os vírus que acometem aves são: Paramoxivírus aviário tipo I (doença de Newcastle), rotavírus, astrovírus e reovírus. Porém, as lesões intestinais provocadas pelo microbioma maléfico podem ser amenizadas com o uso de prebióticos e probióticos na dieta das aves. Os prebióticos e probióticos fortalecem o sistema imunológico da ave, previne contra doenças entéricas infecciosas e melhora a digestão e absorção intestinal. Algumas bactérias que pertencem a microbiota intestinal das aves são utilizadas como probióticos, as espécies mais utilizadas pertencem ao gênero Lactobacillus e Bifidobacterium. Esta revisão analisa as informações científicas disponíveis sobre os principais microrganismos que afetam a saúde intestinal das aves e o uso de prebióticos e probióticos como aditivos preventivos na literatura vigente.
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