The essence of the concept of risk and the classification of social risks of households are investigated. The socio-demographic characteristics of Ukrainian households are analyzed. The main indicators, profiles, signs of poverty and directions of economic deprivation are analyzed. The most influential factors that increase risk are identified. They include large families, unemployment, level of education. The impact of COVID-19 on the growth of social risks is analyzed. The poverty is expected to increase in all types of Ukrainian households (especially in households with children) and increase in unemployment. Keywords: risk, household, poverty, economic deprivation, unemployment, population.
Abstract. Introduction. Grain products are among primary food resources and the most important source of income for agricultural producers, suitable for transportation and long-term storage, which makes it possible to form insurance and reserve funds; serves as the main source of raw materials for a number of branches of food and processing industries. Market reforms, which also affected the grain food subcomplex, provided all the conditions for its dynamic development. However, the grain farming in its development has increased the existing gap in comparison with the level of productivity of the grain industry in the countries – the largest producers of agricultural products. Currently, the grain economy of our country is characterized by an extremely extensive level of its management. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to consider the theoretical foundations and develop practical recommendations to ensure the effective functioning of the grain industry of the Black Sea region in the context of grain farming. Results. Analyzing the changes in the volume of gross regional product of the Black Sea region in the economy of Ukraine during 2013-2019, there is a tendency to active development of the Black Sea region of Ukraine. According to the grouping of agricultural producers of the Black Sea region, due to the average production costs per 1 ha of grain crops, it is proved that in almost every eighth enterprise in the region the increase in gross production is not repaid by increasing costs per 1 ha. The analysis of total imports and exports of grain products of the Black Sea region shows that the total exports of all types of grain and grain products are declining and there is a tendency to increase imports of this crop. Conclusions. It is proved that the main condition for the effective functioning of the grain industry is the introduction of resource- and energy-saving technologies that will save material costs, increase yields while improving soil fertility. The issue of improving the infrastructure of the grain market remains important, which will minimize the number of available intermediaries during the implementation, which will ultimately have a positive impact on the final results of economic activity of grain producers in the Black Sea region. Keywords: grain production; Black Sea region; production; market; profitability; efficiency; market infrastructure.
The paper analyzes the features of agri-food market functioning in Ukraine. Taking into account the importance of the agri-food sector in Ukraine, the authors develop the model for determining the optimal structure of production, processing and export of agricultural products. The purpose of the study was to define the optimal relation of agri-food industries in Ukraine that would provide a balance of production, processing, and export in Odessa, Mykolaiv, and Kherson regions of Ukraine while maintaining the maximum economic productivity of the regional agricultural system. The multi variant model based on the methodology of mathematical modelling in economics was developed to define the optimal structure of production, processing, and export of agricultural products. The model was developed based on the statistical data of Mykolaiv, Odessa, and Kherson regions of Ukraine. Using the model matrix, the authors analyze the statistical information as the input data to forecast the trends for the domestic agri-food market in Ukraine. The authors develop the system of variables and constraints indices that includes the sets of regions; agricultural and processed industries; planted areas in a corresponding region; numbers of cattle in the regions; processing and distribution of agricultural products; production of processed outcomes; agricultural and processed products sales in the domestic market; agricultural and processed products export; general needs in different kinds of resources; additional feed; production capacity; raw materials; general expenses on production and processing of agri-food products; general expenses of labor resources; general cost of final agri-food products in the domestic market; processed products costs in the domestic market; export agri-food products costs. Considering the developed system of 9 structural groups of constrains, the model deals with such coefficients and parameters as planted area, raw materials, production and sales volumes of agri-food products, and export volumes of these products. The paper allows to conclude that optimization of the parameters reflected in the model will allow to increase the productivity and export potential of agri-food industries in Ukraine. Although these industries are influenced by climate and political risks, the model can be used to optimize the relation of important components of Ukrainian agri-food market in order to improve its competitiveness and productivity. Thus, by optimizing the relation of planted area for growing cereals, industrial crops, vegetable crops and melon fields, the raw material base for processing industry and feed, numbers of cattle for regional needs, and the export potential for agricultural and processing industries higher productivity of Ukrainian agri-food industries can be achieved.
Іваненко Т.Я. к.е.н., доцент кафедри готельно-ресторанної справи та організації бізне су Миколаївський національний аграрний університет Порудєєва Т.В. к.е.н., провідний науковий співробітник Миколаївська державна сільськогосподарська дослідна станція Інституту зрошуваного землеробства Національної академії аграрних наук України
Розвиток зернової логістики в Україні Анотація. Досліджено особливості зернової логістики в Україні на сучасному етапі її розвитку та здійснено пошук шляхів модернізації логістичної системи. Оцінено роль логістики в забезпеченні ефективності діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств на ринку зерна. Визначено основні проблемні моменти формування логістики при зберіганні та перевезенні продукції в умовах української транспортної системи. Оцінено основні особливості використання різних видів транспортування зерна. Визначено можливі варіанти формування логістичних ланцюгів з позиції можливостей перевезення.
This article is relevant, as staff training in the context of lifelong learning increases the value of travel services for customers, providing added value in the hotel and catering industry. The purpose of the paper is to study the technologies of training specialists in the hotel and catering industry in the context of lifelong learning for the formation of the life cycle of an employee in the hospitality industry. The research methodology is based on statistical analysis of indicators for distribution. The results demonstrate that there are differences in the technologies for training specialists in the hospitality industry in terms of such characteristics, as: the provider of educational services, the initial educational level, the position held by the specialist and the status in the society. The practical value of the research lies in the possibility of using the existing methodology of the life cycle of training a specialist in the practice of hotel and catering industry.
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