Background Anemia is a global public health problem with high mortality and morbidity. It is becoming more prevalent in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa for studies on anemia in CKD patients. Data was entered into EPI Info version 4.4.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independently associated factors of anemia in CKD patients. Multivariate analysis was used to control the possible effect of confounders. Results A total of 387 participants were included to estimate the prevalence of anemia among chronic kidney disease patients. The prevalence of anemia was 53.5% (95% CI). Being females were 2 times more likely to develop anemia as compared to their counterparts (AOR=2.04, 95%:1.18, 2.46) and hemodialysis history had two times higher odds for anemia (AOR=2.754, 95% CI: 1.218–6.229, P=0.015) compared to patients without hemodialysis history. Conclusion The overall prevalence of anemia across all stages of CKD is 53.5%. From the stage of CKD, stage 5 CKD has a higher (90.9%) anemia prevalence compared to others, and females showed a higher frequency of anemia when compared with males. Therefore, situation-based interventions and country context-specific preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the prevalence of anemia in this patient group.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress on the health care system of many countries worldwide. To accommodate the growing number of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation, hospitals expanded and tried to meet overwhelming demands. Despite this, outcomes of patients after mechanical ventilation were devastating, with high mortality rates. Therefore, this study investigated the survival status and predictors of mortality among mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was applied on the patient charts of 496 critically ill and mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients at intensive care units of Addis Ababa COVID-19 Care Centers from September 2020 to October 2021. Data were collected using a data extraction checklist and entered into Epi data manager. Then, data were transferred to STATA V-14 for cleaning and analysis. The cox-proportional hazard regression model was used for analysis. Covariates with p-value ≤0.20 in the bivariate analysis were fitted to multivariate analysis after the model fitness test. Finally, statistical significance was decided at p-value <0.05, and hazard ratios were used to determine the strength of associations. Results: Of the 496 patients, 63.3% had died. The incidence rate of mortality was 56.7 (95% CI: 50.80, 63.37) per 1,000 person-days of observation, with 5534 person-day observations recorded. Advanced age (>60 years old) (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.86; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.15) and being invasively ventilated (AHR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.26) were associated with increased risk of mortality. Furthermore, presence of diabetes (AHR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.08), shock (AHR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.52), and delirium (AHR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.44) were significantly associated with increased mortality. Conclusions: Clear directions are needed in the recommendation of non-invasive versus invasive ventilation, especially among elderly patients. The controversy of when to intubate (early versus late) needs to be clarified as well. Early detection and prompt management of shock is paramount.

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Background It is proposed that the biggest gap in control of rheumatic heart disease is in implementing of ineffective primary and secondary preventive measures. These measures are supposed to be well addressed by nurses. For prevention and proper management, nurses are expected to have full knowledge about rheumatic heart disease. Therefor the main objective of the study was to assess the level of nurse’s knowledge and factors behind regarding RHD in the current study. Method Institution based cross sectional study was conducted on nurses working in cardiac centers of public and private hospitals at Addis Ababa from April 1 to 30, 2021. Total sample size is 163 selected by purposive sampling method. Data was entered in to Epi-data version 4.5 and exported to SPSS version 25.0 and was checked for missing values. Data was cleaned. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and percentages were calculated, described and displayed in tables, graphs and charts. Binary logistic regression was done to see the crude significant relation of each independent variable with nurse’s good knowledge score. Significant factors were identified based on multivariate logistics regression in 95% confidence level at P-value less than 0.05. Result In the present study about 154 participants were participated. The mean correct answer response of the nurses for knowledge of RHD questions is 12.2 ± 5.2. Only 48.7% of the nurses have good knowledge towards RHD. Being male in gender, having history of sore throat, taking formal education in university or collage, taking in-service training on RHD, having higher wok experience, have found significantly associated with higher odds of nurses’ good knowledge towards RHD. Conclusion and recommendation Regular training regarding RHD management should be given to nurses who are working in cardiac centers. Rheumatic heart disease early treatment and prevention should be incorporated and reinforced in to nursing and other health related professions curriculums.

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