Background Anemia is a global public health problem with high mortality and morbidity. It is becoming more prevalent in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients at selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa for studies on anemia in CKD patients. Data was entered into EPI Info version 4.4.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independently associated factors of anemia in CKD patients. Multivariate analysis was used to control the possible effect of confounders. Results A total of 387 participants were included to estimate the prevalence of anemia among chronic kidney disease patients. The prevalence of anemia was 53.5% (95% CI). Being females were 2 times more likely to develop anemia as compared to their counterparts (AOR=2.04, 95%:1.18, 2.46) and hemodialysis history had two times higher odds for anemia (AOR=2.754, 95% CI: 1.218–6.229, P=0.015) compared to patients without hemodialysis history. Conclusion The overall prevalence of anemia across all stages of CKD is 53.5%. From the stage of CKD, stage 5 CKD has a higher (90.9%) anemia prevalence compared to others, and females showed a higher frequency of anemia when compared with males. Therefore, situation-based interventions and country context-specific preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the prevalence of anemia in this patient group.
Background Respiratory distress contributes significantly to mortality and morbidity in infants. The incidence of noninvasive ventilation failure is remarkably high. There is limited data available regarding noninvasive ventilation failure in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of noninvasive ventilation failure among neonates with respiratory distress admitted to the intensive care unit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2022. This study was conducted from November 11, 2021, to January 30, 2022. A total of 237 charts (79 cases and 158 controls) were selected by a simple random sampling technique. Cases were defined as neonates who failed with noninvasive ventilation support while controls were successfully managed with noninvasive ventilation support. The data were abstracted from the facility-based data abstraction form. The data were cleaned, entered into Epidata version 4.4, and exported to SPSS version 25.0 software for analysis. Both binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of noninvasive ventilation failure in neonates with respiratory distress with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence level at P value < .05 used to declare determinants of a noninvasive ventilation failure. The mean birth weights of the neonates were 2.87 ± 0.85 SD kilograms and the mean gestational age was 35.02±2.66 SD. The current study determined that the incidence of noninvasive ventilation failure among neonates with respiratory distress was 20/100 per person-year in 2021. This study identified that determinants of noninvasive ventilation failure among neonates with respiratory distress were: very preterm neonates (AOR = 2.99 [95%CI: 1.11–8.12]); comorbid illness in mothers (AOR = 3.13 [95%CI: 1.55–6.33]), initiation of noninvasive ventilation at admission to the newborn intensive care unit (AOR = 2.63 [95%CI: 1.24–5.59]); oxygen saturation (SpO2) <85 and 85–93 SpO2 (AOR = 3.11 [95%CI: 1.32–7.32]) and (AOR = 2.75 [95%CI: 1.17–6.44]), Apgar score at 5 min <7(AOR = 3.19 [95%CI: 1.48–6.89]), and noninvasive ventilation through a home-made CPAP (AOR = 4.09 [95%CI: 1.82–9.20]), respectively. Conclusion and Recommendation The incidence rate of noninvasive ventilation failure among neonates is very high with identified determinants of noninvasive ventilation failures being comorbidity illness of the mother, Apgar score, Oxygen saturation at admission in %, ventilator modality of homemade CPAP, and initiation time of noninvasive ventilation. Therefore, policymakers and health planners would be better emphatically considering these identified determinants during neonatal training and guideline development for better neonatal noninvasive ventilation outcomes.
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