The pyroelectricity in tourmaline crystals has proved to be the secondary pyroelectric effect due to the thermal expansion and the piezoelectricity. On the c-face of a tourmaline powder of radius a [pm], there exists the clectric field of lo7 [V/m] which decreases following (~l r )~ at distance r and is faint at teen [pm] value of r. Several attributes of water that has contacted tourmalines undergo definite changes. Quite a few novel applications of tourmalines are possible.
Amorphous ribbons of pure PbTiO3 were obtained by the rapid solidification technique and were confirmed to be in the amorphous state by several different experimental techniques. Structural studies revealed clusters with radii up to about 150 Å, larger than those so far found in other materials such as metals or semiconductors in the amorphous state. Dielectric and Raman spectral studies confirmed that the material remains in the amorphous state indefinitely. Low-temperature studies showed that not only the amorphous state but also the crystalline state of PbTiO3 has a dielectric constant minimum in the mK region, a characteristic of the amorphous state.
Diamond films doped with boron were fabricated by the thermal filament CVD method. Powdered B2O3 was used as the doping source. The films were identified as diamond by means of several methods including Raman spectroscopy. The resistivity of the films was inversely proportional to the B/C ratio over four orders. The temperature dependence of current was measured and to fit this result to the theoretical calculation, the activation energy was evaluated.
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