r E s u m E nEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar en qué medida la conducta agresiva hacia los iguales predice un mayor desajuste personal y escolar en los adolescentes agresores, chicos y chicas. Se utilizó una muestra de 1510 adolescentes españoles de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los análisis de regresión logística mostraron que, en relación con el ajuste personal, el comportamiento agresivo predice significativamente y para ambos sexos altas puntuaciones en sintomatología depresiva, estrés percibido y soledad, y bajas puntuaciones en autoestima, satisfacción vital y empatía. En el ámbito escolar, la conducta agresiva se relacionó con bajas puntuaciones en implicación académica, afiliación con los compañeros, percepción de apoyo del profesor y actitud positiva hacia la escuela. Palabras clave adolescencia; conducta agresiva; ajuste personal; ajuste escolar; educación secundaria a b s t r a c tThe aim of the present study was to determine to what extent aggressive behavior toward peers predicts problems of personal and school adjustment in aggressive adolescents, boys and girls. A sample of 1510 Spanish adolescents of compulsory secondary school was used. The logistic regression analyses showed that, in relation to personal adjustment, aggressive behavior significantly predicted for both sexes high scores in depressive symptoms, perceived stress and loneliness, and low scores on self-esteem, life satisfaction and empathy. For the school variables, aggressive behavior was associated with low scores on academic involvement, affiliation with peers, perceived teacher support and positive attitude toward school.
Resumen. Los modelos psicosociales del desarrollo en la adolescencia han apuntado hacia la importancia de considerar la interrelación entre los contextos significativos para el adolescente (familia, escuela y comunidad) en la compresión de su ajuste psicosocial. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han analizado la influencia conjunta de estos contextos en el desarrollo de un problema conductual específico como es la conducta violenta en las escuelas. Con el presente estudio se pretende explorar los nexos existentes entre la percepción del clima familiar, escolar y comunitario en la violencia escolar teniendo presente el papel del bienestar y malestar subjetivo del adolescente. Para poner a prueba estas relaciones múltiples se ha utilizado una muestra de 1795 adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y los 18 años. Los datos se analizaron mediante el cálculo de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, incluyendo un análisis multigrupo para alumnos rechazados y populares en el aula. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan las relaciones esperadas y el modelo resultante es equivalente para ambos tipos sociométricos. En la discusión se consideran las implicaciones de estos resultados para la intervención con adolescentes desde una perspectiva individual y contextual. Palabras clave: bienestar psicológico, clima percibido, estatus sociométrico, malestar psicológico, violencia escolar.
One of the most serious psychosocial problems worldwide is substance abuse because of its repercussions not only on the physical and psychological health of the abuser but also on their relational functioning. Among the well-established therapeutic approaches for the treatment of substance abuse is family therapy, which, in addition to influencing personal variables, promotes changes in family dynamics. The main objective of this study is to review the scientific literature published from 2010 to the present on the efficacy and effectiveness shown by family-based treatment approaches for substance use problems both in adolescent and adult samples. In addition, the effect on secondary variables such as family functioning and behavioral problems is evaluated. The empirical evidence accumulated in the last decade and reviewed in the present study indicates that the incorporation of family members in the treatment of substance abuse produces benefits by diminishing consumption and improving family functioning. Limitations of this study and of the research reviewed are discussed and directions for future research are provided.
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale to assess psychological well-being in physical activity and sport context, based on Ryff's theory (2014) and the definition of psychological well-being proposed Piñeiro et.al (2021). For that purpose, a Likert type instrument with 51 items was designed. The scale was applied to 584 participants (63% women) with aged between 15 and 29 years (M=19.05;SD 2.97)), from secondary schools and universities from different autonomous communities of Spain. After the statistical analysis, eliminating the items with low values, the final instrument was composed with 40 items (6 dimensions). The results showed that the scale manifests high reliability (α= .965), as well as high levels of explained variance. In conclusion, the research provides a valuable instrument, supported by a scientific theoretical basis, for the evaluation of psychological well-being through physical activity and sports practice in Spanish youth. Keywords. Mental Health; Physical Activity; Eudaimonia; Assessment; Youth.
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