The complexation behavior of 1-naphthyl-1-ethanol (1-NpOH) and 2-naphthyl-1-ethanol (2-NpOH) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was studied by employing several spectroscopic techniques. In the case of 1-NpOH, only a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry is formed with β-CD, which has an equilibrium constant that is smaller than that observed for the 1:1 complex between β-CD and 2-NpOH. Excimer emission was observed in the presence of β-CD for solutions containing high 2-NpOH concentrations. This excimer emission was ascribed to a complex with 2:2 β-CD/2-NpOH stoichiometry. In addition, 1H NMR data suggest that 2-NpOH is axially incorporated into the β-CD cavity. Only in the case of 2-NpOH was a broadening of the signals corresponding to the aromatic protons observed in the presence of β-CD. This broadening was attributed to the formation of the 2:2 complex. The dynamics of NpOH complexation was investigated by using the quenching methodology for triplet states. The entry rate constants for the 1:1 complex of 1-NpOH and 2-NpOH are (4.7 ± 1.9) × 108 M-1 s-1 and (2.9 ± 1.6) × 108 M-1 s-1, respectively, whereas the exit rate constants for the two compounds are (4.8 ± 1.8) × 105 s-1 and (1.8 ± 0.7) × 105 s-1. In the case of 2-NpOH, we were able for the first time to estimate the rate constant for the dissociation of a β-CD 2:2 complex ((0.2−2.5) × 103 s-1), showing that the dynamics for complexes including more than one cyclodextrin are remarkably slower than the dynamics observed for 1:1 complexes.

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Calcium phosphate salts, or more specifically hydroxyapatite, are products of great interest in the fields of medical and dental science due to their biocompatibility and osteoconduction property. Deproteinized xenografts are primarily constituted of natural apatites, sintered or not. Variations in the industrial process may affect physicochemical properties and, therefore, the biological outcome. The purpose of this work was to characterize the physical and chemical properties of deproteinized xenogenic biomaterials, Bio-Oss (Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhuser, Switzerland) and Gen-Ox (Baumer S.A., Brazil), widely used as bone grafts. Scanning electron microscopy, infrared region spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and degradation analysis were conducted. The results show that both materials presented porous granules, composed of crystalline hydroxyapatite without apparent presence of other phases. Bio-Oss presented greater dissolution in Tris-HCl than Gen-Ox in the degradation test, possibly due to the low crystallinity and the presence of organic residues. In conclusion, both commercial materials are hydroxyapatite compounds, Bio-Oss being less crystalline than Gen-Ox and, therefore, more prone to degradation.

Health literacy, a more complex concept than knowledge, is a required capacity to obtain, understand, integrate and act on health information [1], in order to enhance individual and community health, which is defined by different levels, according to the autonomy and personal capacitation in decision making [2]. Medium levels of Health literacy in an adolescent population were found in a study conducted in 2013/2014, being higher in sexual and reproductive health and lower in substance use. It was also noticed that the higher levels of health literacy were in the area adolescents refer to have receipt more health information. The health literacy competence with higher scores was communication skills, and the lower scores were in the capacity to analyze factors that influence health. Higher levels were also found in younger teenagers, but in a higher school level, confirming the importance of health education in these age and development stage. Adolescents seek more information in health professionals and parents, being friends more valued as a source information in older adolescents, which enhance the importance of peer education mainly in older adolescents [3]. As a set of competences based on knowledge, health literacy should be developed through education interventions, encompassing the cultural and social context of individuals, since the society, culture and education system where the individual is inserted can define the way the development and enforcement of the health literacy competences [4]. The valued sources of information should be taken into account, as well as needs of information in some topics referred by adolescents in an efficient health education. Schizophrenia is a serious and chronic mental illness which has a profound effect on the health and well-being related with the well-known nature of psychotic symptoms. The exercise has the potential to improve the life of people with schizophrenia improving physical health and alleviating psychiatric symptoms. However, most people with schizophrenia remains sedentary and lack of access to exercise programs are barriers to achieve health benefits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise on I) the type of intervention in mental health, II) in salivary levels of alpha-amylase and cortisol and serum levels of S100B and BDNF, and on III) the quality of life and selfperception of the physical domain of people with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 31 females in long-term institutions in the Casa de Saúde Rainha Santa Isabel, with age between 25 and 63, and with diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Physical fitness was assessed by the six-minute walk distance test (6MWD). Biological variables were determined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Psychological variables were assessed using SF-36, PSPP-SCV, RSES and SWLS tests. Walking exercise has a positive impact on physical fitness (6MWD -p = 0.001) and physical components of the psychological test...