This prospective study looked at the incidence of injury (IN) sustained by players during a season in an amateur women's football league in Trinidad and Tobago where games were played on grass (GR) and on a new generation artificial turf (AT). The overall incidence of time loss injuries was 27.6/1000 player hours (95% CI: 17.0, 38.2). Most injuries were mild and players returned to play within one week of sustaining an injury. Players who trained predominately on, and played their home games on AT (PAT) sustained significantly fewer injuries when playing games on GR than those sustained while playing on AT (p=0.006). There were no differences in injury rates between games played on AT versus games played on GR (p=0.68). Most injuries were of a non-contact nature and so an injury prevention program should be implemented to reduce the injury rate in this amateur league.

This report describes the effect of excessive cooling with ice, and compression with a plastic wrap on the common peroneal nerve (CPN) for 90 minutes in a professional footballer, which led to a common peroneal nerve palsy and a resulting footdrop. It highlights the need to be cautious with regards to the duration and frequency of icing as well as the choice of anchoring material when applying ice to injured areas that have superficial nerves passing nearby. Full recovery of the CPN function occurred in this athlete after five weeks. The major causes of footdrop and common causes of common peroneal neuropathy are discussed.

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of injury of the Trinidad and Tobago National Men's Football Team involved in three international tournaments and associated training camps (ITATC) within a 14-month period and compare the data with that published for the Sweden National Team. A retrospective analysis of injury records assessed the number and types of injuries, time absent from training, and outcomes for each injury for the Trinidad and Tobago Football Team. There were 50 significant injuries: 42 (84%) were mild injuries and 3 (6%) were severe. Injury incidence for training was 14.6 injuries/1000 hours [95% CI [10.1, 19.1]) and for game exposure was 86.6 injuries/1000 hours (95% CI [64.1, 109.1]). The incidence of injury for Trinidad and Tobago Football Team involved in ITATC was found to be much higher than for both league football and another national team. The ITATC period could represent the highest incidence of injury seen in national teams. Most injuries were mild and of a noncontact nature.

BackgroundTo determine the patterns of alcohol use among households in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) and to estimate the association between alcohol use and negative psychological, social, or physical events experienced by the household.MethodsA convenience sample of 1837 households across T&T. We identified bivariate correlates of alcohol use, and heavy episodic drinking using chi-square and t-test analyses and used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted associations between household alcohol use and experiences within the past 12 months adjusted for sociodemographic covariates.ResultsOne thousand five hundred two households had complete data for all variables (82% response rate). Nearly two thirds (64%) of households included alcohol users; 57% of household that consumed alcohol also reported heavy episodic drinking. Households that reported alcohol consumption were significantly more likely to report illnesses within the households, relationship problems, and behavioral and antisocial problems with children. Among households where a member was employed, those who consumed alcohol were nearly twice as likely (OR = 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 3.82) to have a household member call in sick to work and 2.9 times as likely (OR = 2.9; CI 1.19, 7.04) to have a household member suffer work related problems compared with households who reported not consuming alcohol.ConclusionsApproximately two thirds of households in T&T reported using alcohol. These households were more likely to report psychological, physical, and social problems. These findings would support efforts to enforce current policies, laws, and regulations as well as new strategies to reduce the impact of harmful alcohol consumption on households in T&T.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4266-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Local injection of MPA reversibly suppressed lactation in a young woman for a period of 24-48 h. Doctors using injectable GCS in lactating women should apprise patients of this possibility. Mothers can take precautions like expressing and storing enough breast milk to cover this period prior to receiving these injections.

Almost one third of the students were overweight or obese. Overweight students were motivated to lose weight, and these students need to have some structured health promotion program, which educates them on correct exercise habits, safe measures to lose weight, and which informs them of their actual body weight.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge and practices among Trinidad and Tobago school-attending adolescents towards energy drinks (ED), alcohol combined with energy drinks (AwED), weightaltering supplements (WAS) and vitamin/mineral supplements (VMS) and their experience of adverse effects associated with such use. Design: A cross-sectional, proportionate, stratified sampling strategy was adopted using a self-administered, de novo questionnaire. Setting: Secondary schools throughout Trinidad and Tobago. Subjects: Students aged 15-19 years. Results: Five hundred and sixty-one students participated, an 84 % response rate; 43?0 % were male, 40?5 % East Indian and 34?1 % mixed race. VMS, ED, WAS and anabolic steroids were used by 52?4 %, 44?0 %, 8?9 % and 1?4 % of students, respectively, with 51?6 % of ED users using AwED. Predictors of use of AwED were males and students who played sport for their school (OR 5 1?9; 95 % CI 1?2, 3?2 and OR 5 2?6; 95 % CI 1?4, 4?7, respectively). Predictors of ED use were males and attendees of government secondary schools (OR 5 1?7; 95 % CI 1?1, 2?4 and OR 5 1?7; 95 % CI 1?2, 2?4, respectively). Side-effects, mainly palpitations, headaches and sleep disturbances, were reported in 20?7 % of dietary supplement users. Conclusions: Many adolescent students in Trinidad and Tobago use dietary supplements, including ED and AwED, and about one-fifth of users experience side-effects. Identification of students at risk for ED, AwED and WAS use and education of students about the dangers of using dietary supplements need to be instituted to prevent potential adverse events.

This study sought to determine the prevalence of self-reported pain and/or injury (SRPI) experienced by Caribbean footballers and the associated behaviours associated with SRPI. The prevalence of SRPI among footballers was 46.2%, with 71.5% and 36%, respectively, of players admitting having played one game previously with an injury, and having used a painkiller before playing at least one game previously. Female players were more likely to hide an injury from the coaching staff in order to play a game (OR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.7, 4.8)) and attempt to use a banned substance in order to get fit to play (OR = 4.2, 95% CI (1.2, 14.3)) than males, but males were more likely to use a painkiller before playing games than females (OR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.9, 3.9)). Education of players on analgesics and basic injury management together with the implementation of injury prevention programs are needed for these players.