Background: The early detection of breast cancer plays an important role in decreasing morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one screening method used for the early detection of breast cancer. BSE involves the woman looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions, or swellings. BSE is a simple exercise that can potentially save women's lives, but BSE receives relatively little attention and no study has yet addressed BSE at the community level. Here we assessed BSE and associated factors among women aged 20-65 years in Wolaita Sodo city, Ethiopia. Methods: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study. Systematic random sampling was used to select 626 women aged 20-65 years old. Data were collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data were recorded using EpiData version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and statistical analysis. Bivariable analysis was performed, and variables with a p-value < 0.25 were used in multiple logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic regression was employed, and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered statically significant. Results: A total of 629 women aged between 20 and 65 years were included in the study. Over half (60.9%) of participants were aged between 20 and 29 years, and 8.2% were < 50 years old. Women who mentioned BSE as a method for the early detection of breast problems were 6.36-times (95% CI: 3.72, 10.71) more likely to perform BSE than those who reported that they did not know of any method. Those who had breast fed for 13-24 months were 2.43 times (95% CI: 1.28, 4.59) more likely to examine their breasts than those who breast fed for different durations or used other methods. Employed study participants were 3.13-times (95% CI: 1.14, 8.58) more likely to practice BSE than those who were not employed. Likewise, students were 3.73-times (95% CI: 1.19, 11.73) more likely to perform BSE. Conclusions: In our sample, women's practice of BSE was relatively low. Knowledge of BSE, breastfeeding up to 24 months, being employed, and being a student were factors affecting performing BSE. Educating girls and increasing awareness, including through electronic media, are important to encourage BSE and improve breast cancer outcomes.

Background: Group B Streptococcus colonization of the gastrointestinal and genital tracts of pregnant women usually remains asymptomatic; even if it is the critical determinant of infection in neonates and young infants. It causes early and late onset of invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease manifesting as septicemia, meningitis and pneumonia. Now it is recognized as an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world including Ethiopia where the magnitude of the problem has been little studied. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization, to identify associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of GBS isolates among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Arbaminch General Hospital, Arbaminch, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March-July, 2016 among 281 pregnant women on their antenatal care (ANC) visit at Arbaminch General Hospital (AGH). Consented participants' information was collected using structured questionnaire. Recto-vaginal swab samples were collected by consecutive sampling technique and inoculated directly onto 5% sheep blood agar (SBA) for isolation of GBS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guideline, 2014 by disk diffusion method. Data was coded and entered into EPidata version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Bivariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to ascertain the association between explanatory and outcome variable considering p-value <0.05. Result: The colonization rate of GBS among pregnant mothers was 8.5%. The overall rectovaginal GBS colonization in this study was not significantly associated with any of socio-demographic and obstetric factors. All of the GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and vancomycin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin was found to be 37.5%, 29.2%, 29.2%, 20.8%, 8.3%, and 4.2%, respectively. From a total of twenty four GBS isolates, two showed multidrug resistance. Conclusion and recommendation: This study found that GBS colonization rate was rationally high and most isolates were resistant to the commonly used antibiotics.

Background: -Ensuring institutional delivery for each child birth is the most critical intervention in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. In Ethiopia the proportions of births delivered in health institutions is very low and even for women who have access to the services. The proportion of birth occurring in health facilities is only 16%. Objective: -To investigate intention of pregnant women to use institutional delivery and associated factors from March to April 2016. Methods: -A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Wollaita Soddo town. Theory of Planned Behavior was employed to evaluate intention of pregnant women for delivery utilization. Data was collected by using pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The data collected was checked for its completeness and consistency, coded, entered and cleaned by using Epi data 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20.00 statistical software. Data analysis was done for proximal and distal variables differently based on their presence in the model. Result:-A total of 326 pregnant women who had ANC follow up were included in the study. On multiple logistic regression husband's occupational status and informed about delivery places were statistically significantly associated with intention to use institutional delivery among ANC attendants from distal variables and Attitude and subjective norms were statistically significantly associated with intention from proximal variables. The odds of intention to use institutional delivery among pregnant women who were informed about delivery places was 2.658 times more likely than those who were not informed about delivery places AOR=2.658(1.357, 5.207) at P-value 0.005.Those women whose husbands' were employed were 2.2 times more likely to intend to use institutional delivery than women whose husbands' were not employed (AOR=2.2(1.308, 3.7) at P-value 0.003. Conclusion:-The study concluded that the intention of giving birth at health institution increased with positive attitude towards institutional delivery, being informed by health professionals about the place of delivery and husband's occupational status being employed and decreased with subjective norms.

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Background: Early detection of breast cancer plays an important role in decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the screening methods for early detection of breast cancer. BSE involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling. BSE is a simple exercise which can potentially save the life of a woman but it is not well focused yet. So, this study was aimed to assess breast Self-Examination and associated factors among women in Wolaita Sodo city, Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design was employed. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 626 women aged 20-65 years old. The data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The data was entered using Epi data version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 software for statistical analysis. Bivariable and multiple logistic regression analysis were done.Variables with P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statically significant. Results: A total of 629 women were included in the study. More than half (60.9%) of the participants were in the age range of 20-29 years. Women who had mentioned BSE as method for early detection of breast problem were 6.36 times (AOR: 6.36, 95% CI :( 3.72, 10.71) more likely to perform BSE than those who say that they don’t know any method. Women breast feed 13-24 months were 2.43 times AOR: 2.43, 95% CI :( 1.28, 4.59) more likely to examine their breast than those who breast feed different duration. Employed women were 3.13 times more likely AOR: 3.13 95% CI :( 1.14, 8.58) to practice BSE than women not employed. Likewise being student was 3.73 times AOR: 3.73, 95% CI (1.19, 11.73) more likely to perform BSE than others. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that women’s practice of breast self-examination is relatively low. Knowledge of BSE, breast feeding 13-24 months, being employed and being student were factors affecting performing breast self-examination. Therefore, educating girls and increasing awareness on electronics media is important.

Background:In low income countries, maternal mortality rate remains high. Bearing many children is the main factor affecting maternal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization and identify factors associated with it among married women of child bearing age in Areka town in South Ethiopia Methods:We did a community-based cross-sectional survey involving systematically recruited 346 married women of reproductive age group. Data was collected using a structured intervieweradministered questionnaire on May 2019. We used SPSS version 25 for data entry and analyses.Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select exposure variables with a crude association.Multivariate analysis was done to control for potential confounders and identify predictors of the outcome. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported and statistical significance was declared at p <0.05. Results:The prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization among married women of reproductive age group was 38.7% in the study area. Utilization of reversible long term contraceptives was positively associated with being Protestant Christian religion follower (AOR=5.33;

Background Antibiotic resistance is public threats in globally and its problem not well concerned in sub Saharan Africa including Ethiopia due to inadequate set up. However, there is information gap in resistance of antibiotic and its pattern for physicians who prescribe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolated from different specimens inoculated retrospectively at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A 3 year retrospective data of culture and antibiotic sensitivity pattern analyzed from 2016–2018 among 330 patients records at Wolaita Sodo university Teaching Referral hospital. The data extracted were clinical samples taken, age, sex, bacteria growth status, bacteria isolated, antibiotic resistance profile and trend in each year.The data entry was done using Epidata version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 software for cleaning and statistical analysis.Bivariable analysis was done and variables with p-value of less than 0.25 were made candidate for multiple logistic regression analysis. The relative contribution of each selected variables to the outcome of interest was assessed using multiple logistic regression and variables with P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statically significant. Results A total of 330 samples fulfills inclusion criteria were extracted from microbiology laboratory, 150 samples were become culture positive for bacteria isolates. From positive culture growth, 110 (73.3%) was gram positive bacteria and 40(26.7%) gram negative. A staphylococcus auras (S.auras) was the most prevalent isolate 97 (61.3%) from gram positive isolates and Escherichia coli (E. coli) 19(12.7%) was gram negative. From gram positive isolates S. auras was 53% and S. saprophytes 62%, S. pyogen 74% and S.pneumonia 52% resistance to antibiotics. Overall resistance for all antimicrobial resistance of gram negative of E. coli was 62%, P. aurogenous 75%, proteusspp 65%, shigellaspp 66%, salmonella 56% and NisseriaSpp 63%.Overall antimicrobial resistance of gram positive isolates was 54.2% gram negative bacteria was 60.0%

Background: Early detection of breast cancer plays an important role in decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the screening methods for early detection of breast cancer. BSE method involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling. BSE is a simple exercise which can potentially save the life of a woman but it is not well focused yet and no study has addressed BSE at community level. So, this was aimed assess breast Self-Examination and associated factors among women in Wolaita Sodo city, Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design was employed. Systemic random sampling technique was used to select 626 women aged 20-65 years old. The data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The data entry was done using Epi data version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 software for cleaning and statistical analysis. Bivariable analysis was done and variables with p-value of less than 0.25 were made candidate for multiple logistic regression analysis. The relative contribution of each selected variables to the outcome of interest was assessed using multiple logistic regression and variables with P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statically significant.Results: A total of 629 women between 20 and 65 years old were included in the study. More than half (60.9%) of the participants were in the age range of 20-29 years and 8.2% were less than 50 years old. Two hundred eighteen (34.7%) and 338(53.7%) had primary and secondary/ college/university education, respectively. Women who had mentioned BSE as method for early detection of breast problem were 6.359 times (AOR: 6.359, 95% CI :( 3.719, 10.713) more likely to perform BSE than those who say that they don’t know any method. Conclusion The finding of this study showed that women’s practice of breast self-examination is relatively low. Knowledge of BSE, breast feeding up to 24 months, being employed and being student were factors affecting performing breast self-examination. Therefore, educating girls and increasing awareness on electronics media is important.