Antimicrobial Resistance Profile among clinical isolated bacteria at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, three year retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background Antibiotic resistance is public threats in globally and its problem not well concerned in sub Saharan Africa including Ethiopia due to inadequate set up. However, there is information gap in resistance of antibiotic and its pattern for physicians who prescribe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial isolated from different specimens inoculated retrospectively at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A 3 year retrospective data of culture and antibiotic sensitivity pattern analyzed from 2016–2018 among 330 patients records at Wolaita Sodo university Teaching Referral hospital. The data extracted were clinical samples taken, age, sex, bacteria growth status, bacteria isolated, antibiotic resistance profile and trend in each year.The data entry was done using Epidata version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 software for cleaning and statistical analysis.Bivariable analysis was done and variables with p-value of less than 0.25 were made candidate for multiple logistic regression analysis. The relative contribution of each selected variables to the outcome of interest was assessed using multiple logistic regression and variables with P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statically significant. Results A total of 330 samples fulfills inclusion criteria were extracted from microbiology laboratory, 150 samples were become culture positive for bacteria isolates. From positive culture growth, 110 (73.3%) was gram positive bacteria and 40(26.7%) gram negative. A staphylococcus auras (S.auras) was the most prevalent isolate 97 (61.3%) from gram positive isolates and Escherichia coli (E. coli) 19(12.7%) was gram negative. From gram positive isolates S. auras was 53% and S. saprophytes 62%, S. pyogen 74% and S.pneumonia 52% resistance to antibiotics. Overall resistance for all antimicrobial resistance of gram negative of E. coli was 62%, P. aurogenous 75%, proteusspp 65%, shigellaspp 66%, salmonella 56% and NisseriaSpp 63%.Overall antimicrobial resistance of gram positive isolates was 54.2% gram negative bacteria was 60.0%