Prevalence of Group b Streptococcus, Its Associated Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Arbaminch Hospital, South Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Group B Streptococcus colonization of the gastrointestinal and genital tracts of pregnant women usually remains asymptomatic; even if it is the critical determinant of infection in neonates and young infants. It causes early and late onset of invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease manifesting as septicemia, meningitis and pneumonia. Now it is recognized as an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world including Ethiopia where the magnitude of the problem has been little studied. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization, to identify associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of GBS isolates among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Arbaminch General Hospital, Arbaminch, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March-July, 2016 among 281 pregnant women on their antenatal care (ANC) visit at Arbaminch General Hospital (AGH). Consented participants' information was collected using structured questionnaire. Recto-vaginal swab samples were collected by consecutive sampling technique and inoculated directly onto 5% sheep blood agar (SBA) for isolation of GBS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guideline, 2014 by disk diffusion method. Data was coded and entered into EPidata version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Bivariate and Multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to ascertain the association between explanatory and outcome variable considering p-value <0.05. Result: The colonization rate of GBS among pregnant mothers was 8.5%. The overall rectovaginal GBS colonization in this study was not significantly associated with any of socio-demographic and obstetric factors. All of the GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin and vancomycin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin was found to be 37.5%, 29.2%, 29.2%, 20.8%, 8.3%, and 4.2%, respectively. From a total of twenty four GBS isolates, two showed multidrug resistance. Conclusion and recommendation: This study found that GBS colonization rate was rationally high and most isolates were resistant to the commonly used antibiotics.

Group B Streptococci Vaginal-Recto Colonization, Vertical Transmission to Newborns, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile and Associated Factors in Selected Health Facilities of Bahir Dar City: A Cross-Sectional Study

“… 40 However, it was lower in comparison to reports from South Africa (48.2%), 16 Gambia (33.7%), 41 the United Kingdom (29.4%) 42 and USA (35%). 12 But the present finding is higher compared to the 7.2 −13.7% prior reports from other parts of Ethiopia, 18 , 25 , 43 , 44 and 6.1% in China. 20 The difference in the percentage of GBS colonization could be due to variation in the type of swabs used, sample collection strategy and composition, microbiological protocols used to isolate and identify GBS.…”

“…The 35.2% MDR GBS isolates found from the mothers in the present study is in line with a report from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (43.9%). 54 However, it was higher compared to reports from Mekelle (10.5%) 43 and Arbaminch (8.3%), 44 Ethiopia. Likewise, 36.4% of GBS isolated from newborns were MDR in the present study.…”

Group B Streptococcus colonisation, prevalence, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Dschang District Hospital, West Region of Cameroon: A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study

“…However, erythromycin which is recommended in case of allergy to beta-Lactamines was not active on some strains. Similar results were reported by Shiferawu et al 41 in South Ethiopia with 100% susceptibility of strains to penicillin G.…”

“…for other samples, P = .070). 41 Second, the study design is crosssectional, in which both cause and effect are measured at the same time; therefore, we can only describe associations between associated factors and GBS colonisation, not a causal conclusion. The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the observed associations are unknown.…”

Group B Streptococcus Colonisation, Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Dschang District Hospital, West Region of Cameroun: A hospital-based Cross Sectional Study

“…First, only the vagina was used as a sampling site, with a consequence of underestimation of the true prevalence of GBS. However, the latest system review on pregnant women revealed that there was no significant difference in GBS colonisation according to sample sites (11% for both vaginal and rectal samples, 11% for vaginal samples, and 8% for other samples, P = 0.070) 44 . Second, the study design is a cross-sectional, in which both cause and effect are measured at the same time; therefore, we can only describe associations between influencing factors and GBS colonisation, not a causal conclusion.…”