Abstract-The effects of various smooth muscle relaxing drugs on con tractile responses to acetylcholine (ACh), Ba2+ and Ca", and on the tissue cyclic AMP levels were examined in the guinea pig ileum. Papaverine and theophylline caused a decrease both in the maximum height and the slope of dose-response curves induced by the three stimulants, and an increase in the cyclic AMP levels.Diltiazem and D-600 produced a decrease in the maximum and the slope of ACh and Ba2+ dose-response curves, shifted the Ca" dose-response curves to higher concentrations, in a parallel manner, but failed to change the cyclic AMP levels. Etomidoline and benactyzine shifted the curves for the three stimulants in parallel to the right, but at higher concentrations depressed the maximum of ACh and Ba2+ responses with a further parallel shift. These drugs exerted little influence on the basal level of tissue cyclic AMP, but etomidoline signifi cantly depressed the Bat+-induced increase in cyclic AMP level. The smooth muscle relaxing drugs used could be classified in three types, thereby suggesting that there are at least three different mechanisms involved in smooth muscle relaxing action.
Today pharmacists provide indispensable drug information to patients, however, few studies have examined the kind of information that patients want, or their satisfaction with pharmacists' advice. Therefore, we have examined a variety of factors, including individual patient characteristics, in order to identify ways to provide useful and appropriate drug information on an individual basis. In short, the aim of this study was to develop a drug information service that addresses patient needs. A prospective survey of patient satisfaction with the level of care provided by pharmacists, before and after a telephone counseling session, was performed over a 9 month period (2000-2001). Along with satisfaction ratings, the content of the interviews was assessed, along with patient characteristics. Correspondence analysis was used to classify the content of the consultations, and cluster analysis was performed to classify caller characteristics. In total, 2022 people were counseled. It should be noted that, on occasion, family members were interviewed instead of the patients themselves. The average counseling session was 11.5 minutes (n = 1876). Patients expressing the least dissatisfaction prior to counseling tended to have the highest satisfaction levels after counseling. Almost all patients were satisfied with the counseling they received. An association was found between levels of pre-counseling dissatisfaction and time spent counseling patients over the telephone. No dimensions of high inertia were identified by correspondence analysis of consultation content and patient characteristics (n = 1667), however, questions regarding "efficacy and indications", "dosages and administration", "anxiety of adverse events", "realization of adverse events", and "interactions" were deemed similar by correspondence analysis. This study shows that patient perceptions regarding drug information services differ from those of pharmacists. Furthermore, several subtypes of patients were identified, based on their responsiveness to counseling. Pharmacists should take this into consideration when standing face-to-face with patients in the setting of their pharmacy practice.
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