Long-term monitoring has been carried out to study the species diversity and ecological state of rare species of the Lipetsk region flora. The location of 8 endangered plant species has been established; their ecological state has been studied and described. A morphological assessment of the biological state of the detected species has been carried out. A complex of factors potentially inhibiting and limiting the development of the discovered plant populations has been determined. Most of the detected rare plant species are in a depressed state, which requires additional protection measures, constant annual monitoring of the found populations and species state, as well as reduction of various types of anthropogenic impact. It is also possible to organize cultivation of some species of rare flora in artificially created conditions for further reintroduction of relict species into their natural habitats. These efforts are necessary to preserve individual plant species and ecosystem biodiversity as a whole. Based on the research, a database has been developed.
The paper is devoted to bioindication of chernozem soils. The soil was used from the row spacing and trunk lanes of the apple orchard, as well as in its natural state. The soil in these places has different properties. The winter wheat, the barley and the oats were sown on the soil. Differences in the productivity of the vegetative mass and its availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained. It was found that only the wheat and the barley are sensitive to the changes in soil properties.
The research was carried out in the north of forest steppe zone of Russia. The research subjects are soils under which apple trees of fruit-bearing age are located (16-24 years). Over the years of the research 50 soil cuts were laid in the apple orchards. United soil samples were formed by mixing the samples from near-stalk stripes and row-spacing. The total depth of searched cuts was 220 m. All the soil moisture capacity categories were determined by thermostat weight method: maximum water adsorption after airy dry soil condition in desiccators at air humidity close to 100%, limit field or the least soil moisture capacity after moist soil condition on the plaster casts and after free gravitational moisture coming down the profile on the flooded areas, the capillary bonding breakage humidity by multiplication of limit field soil moisture capacity and coefficient of 0.6. The total moisture stock was calculated as multiplication of soil density, layer thickness and limit field soil moisture capacity. Remote moisture stock was calculated as multiplication of soil density, layer thickness, maximum water adsorption and coefficient of 1.37. It was established that limit field soil moisture capacity significantly varies not only within one searched farm but inside soil type and soil subtype. Productive moisture stock in spring in ploughing soil layer occupied by the apple orchids of forest steppe north are described as good and represent 406-720 m3/ha (41-72 mm). Productive moisture stock in one-meter soil layer of apple orchards are assessed as very good and vary from 2993 to 4822 m3/ha (293-482 mm). According to productive moisture stock increasing in a meter layer apple orchards soils of forest steppe north can be placed in the following order: podzolic chernozem < chernozem moist meadow < grey forest < chernozem meadow < typical chernozem < leached chernozem < meadow chernozem < meadowish chernozem.
The fruits of all wild plants were gathered in Tambov, Lipetsk and Voronezh regions. The following research methods were used: thermogravimetric, titrimetric, photometric. Fruit weight of cultivars is 2.8 (the cherry) – 54.2 (the strawberry) times bigger than the fetal weight of wild related species. The rowan, the apple, the pear, the plum, the hawthorn, the current, the blackberry, the raspberry and the apricot are in the range. The selection of fruit and berries of the Central Black Earth Region provided: the reduction of organic acid by a factor of 1.8-6.9 in the fruits of the apple, the pear, the hawthorn, the briar, the cherry, the blackberry, the raspberry, the guilder rose, the apricot; the rise of ascorbic acid by a factor of 1.5-10 in the fruits of the rowan, the apple, the briar, the blackberry, the raspberry, the guilder rose, the apricot; the rise of β – carotene by a factor of 1.5-10 in the fruits of the apples, the hawthorn, the briar, the cherry, the current and the blackberry; the rise of anthocyans by the factor of 2-26.8 in the fruits of the rowan, the apple, the pear, the hawthorn, the briar, the black current, the blackberry, the guilder rose, the strawberry and the apricot; the rise of flavonols by the factor of 1.5-13.7 in the fruits of the apple, the rowan, the pear, the plum, the briar; the rise of catechins by a factor of 2.4-827 in the fruits of the apple, the rowan, the pear, the plum, the hawthorn, the briar, the current, the blackberries, the raspberry, the guilder rose, the apricot; the percentage rise of solids by a factor of 1.5 in the fruits of the cherry and the apricot; the rise of tannins and colorants by the factor of 1.5-3.2 in the fruits of the rowan, the hawthorn and the apricot; the rise of the tanninum by the factor of 3.1-3.5 in the fruits of the rowan and the hawthorn as well as increasing in the amount of carotenoids by the factor of 1.5 in the fruits of the raspberry. The rise of solids, carotinoids, tannins and colorants including tanninum content in the fruit and berries turned out to be the most complicated for research results of fruit and berry selection.
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