The aim of the research is to compare the physical properties and biological activity of the soil in apple orchards with the soils of other lands: strawberry, chokeberry, black currant plantations, field crop rotation, forest plantations, and deposits. In apple orchards, in a layer of 0-40 cm row-spacing, there is a relatively low content of agronomically valuable, water-resistant aggregates, and the lowest moisture capacity. Due to the significant accumulation of snow in the garden and the annual leaf fall of the apple tree in the trunk strips, the same high cellulolytic activity is maintained as in other woody phytocenoses.
The aim of the study was to study the effect of various doses of chicken manure (CP), zeolite (C), their mixtures and mineral fertilizers on the accumulation of microelements in the vegetative organs of spring rape plants at different stages of development. The results of the experiment showed that the introduction of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye deposit promoted a decrease in such trace elements as Cu, Zn and Mn in the vegetative mass of rapeseed throughout the entire period of plant development. On experimental plots using organic-mineral mixtures (CP 2.5 t / ha + C 3 t / ha, CP 5 t / ha + C 3 t / ha, CP 10 t / ha + C 3 t / ha) the active adsorption of the zeolite-containing rock of the Terbunskoye deposit in relation to Zn was revealed, which contributed to a decrease in the element in the vegetative mass of rape in the variants of the experiment throughout the entire vegetation period of plants. Consequently, the studies carried out make it possible to recommend the cultivation of spring rapeseed using organic waste as fertilizers together with natural zeolite in the forest-steppe conditions CHR.
Intensification of the processes of post-harvest processing of leguminous crops is an urgent task for enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The improvement of the known methods of ensuring reliable protection of leguminous crops from the effects of pathogenic microflora, quarantine insect pests is of substantive interest for research. The most common way of disinfecting food is fumigation - the elimination of insect pests and pathogens with a gaseous or vaporous toxic chemical. The article discusses the process of fumigation of leguminous crops with an ionized flow of an aerodispersed mixture in a drum-type installation, and also presents the results of mathematical modeling of this process. The mathematical description of the proposed model of the fumigation process was carried out using the applied package “Mathcad”. An analytical study of the obtained mathematical model made it possible to establish a number of dependencies and patterns characterizing the course of the process of electrostatic fumigation of leguminous crops in a constant stirring mode.
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