Studying the cluster institutionalization processes in the modern practices of the social development allows determining the formation trends of an efficient governmental control system at the subfederal level. The efficiency parameters suggested by the author for the cluster policy implementation for the governmental control purposes, such as density, integrity, complementarity and institutional sphere conductivity will allow controlling the development efficiency of the educational clusters in the modern reality. The research shows that the formation of the governmental control mechanisms and instruments is based on a general study of the institutional aspects of the cluster policy. It has been determined that the main driving force and the main actor of the modernization processes at the regional level is the scientific community. The educational clusters have their potential both for generating fundamental and applied knowledge and for managing innovation projects. Education is a mobile self-organizing system, with its intellectual resources acting as a strategic resource of modernization for the regions of Russia.
The article discusses the features and contradictions of clustering and innovative development, as well as the integrated approach to regulation of clustering processes at the regional level. The author's approach to the development of an integrated clustering model of the economic space of the Russian regions is to consider innovative clusters as the fundamental segments of innovative economy. Within the framework of the study comprehensive methodology for assessing the innovative potential of regions is considered. The article deals with the analysis of economic, financial, scientific and technological conditions for regulating clustering processes and innovative development on example of the Volga region. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the method of complex analysis of the potential of innovative development of regions. The proposed methodology includes both indicators for assessing the factors of formation of a new innovative economy, and indicators of the effectiveness of innovative development, which form the technological and resource reserve for further economic development of the region. The advantage of using proposed methodology is the possibility of separating for each economic district and interregional cluster the leading regions, which acts as the center of innovative transformation of the economic space of the neighboring regions.
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As experience of the developed countries shows, the best solutions to the problems related to ensuring competitiveness of enterprises can be found within clusters. Drawing up mechanisms for government regulation of the cluster will facilitate formulation of strategies and plans of cluster development which is an important competitive advantage of the modern economy. The purpose of this study is to research theoretical and methodological approaches to ensuring efficiency control of the institutional environment of the cluster. The approach to solving this problem is based on institutional methodology which offers innovative solutions within the frames of local economic development policies. Furthermore, the paper thoroughly examines impacts of government regulation on business development. Particular attention is given to analyzing public private partnership institutions in order to reveal their innovative features. The authors express the opinion that implementation of the principles of economic control of cluster development, as well as monitoring efficiency of transaction costs may help to reduce the negative effect of transaction costs on economic development of Russia's constituent entities. The paper offers the method for calculating performance efficiency of an institution for economic agents in the cluster, as well as efficiency of informal institutions including cases when their economic informality lies in the 'grey (shadow) area' i.e., illegal by nature. Basing on studies of foreign and Russian experience of cluster formation and identification of risks in cluster development, the article formulates recommendations for implementing control principles to ensure effective cluster policy and reduce transaction costs in order to improve government regulation of clusters and development of the country's economy.
The purpose of the study is to identify trends and future models for the innovativedevelopment of Russian Federation. Paper deals with the innovative development of theleading countries of world economic growth. Particular attention is given to«neoindustrialization» of economically developed countries and innovative nature ofclustering of economic space. The modern factors of global competitiveness and economiccontent of the innovative transformation of the economy is specified. Theoreticalapproaches and tendencies of innovative transformation of economy are proved. Theauthors identified scientific, technological, production, spatial-territorial and institutionalmarketaspects of innovative transformation. Paper includes the differentiation of theStates-leaders of industrial production in the context of key indicators of globalcompetitiveness. The transformation model of innovative economy formation ispresented, the indicators of global competitiveness of the Russian Federation areconsidered. The authors propose structural and logical scheme of innovativetransformation of the national economic system of the Russian Federation is developed. Agraphic interpretation of the transformation of the economic system of the territory underthe influence of innovative development is proposed.
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