According to the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report, published in 2022, tuberculosis and its drug-resistant forms are on the rise for the first time in lasted years. The ability to become immune to anti-tuberculosis drugs is a fundamental feature of the TB agent. In some cases, it develops a transient resistance to antibacterial drugs based on a combination of adaptive biological properties of mycobacterium without altering the genetic apparatus. This phenomenon is called drug-induced tolerance. Its development is associated with the slowing or altering of bacterial metabolism, increasing the thickness of the cell wall, activation of specific molecular pumps, removing medicinal substances from the cell outside the cell. The same and some other mechanisms are involved in the development of another phenomenon - drug resistance, which is associated with inherited changes in the genetic apparatus of mycobacterium. The review is devoted to the consideration of the molecular bases of mycobacterium tuberculosis interaction with anti-tuberculosis drugs and its epidemiological significance.
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a disturbed response to infection. The development of sepsis is preceded by Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), which is the overall inflammatory response of the body to severe lesion. The role of opportunistic pathogens in the development of CER and sepsis may be considered proven, but the value of intestinal microbiome remains underestimated. The survey systematized data on the role of cell wall or membrane components of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria - representatives of intestinal microbiome in pathogenesis of SIRS and sepsis.
The most of ixodes ticks in Tula region belongs to the group of pasture mites. It is generally accepted to estimate the tick’s contamination by the tick-borne encephalitis virus and raoueti inducing Lyme Borellia. The aim of the present work was to educe the aetiologic agents of the set of potentially-enable infections out of ticks Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes сrenulatus collected at the different terrains of Tula Region by PCR method. The results: a considerable number of pathogenic rickettsiae R. raoultii was educes from the ticks D. reticulatus, which including them as the component of mixed infection together with the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent. R. raoultii was determined in more than a half of the cases in ticks I. ricinus including the mixed infection together with ticks’ borreliosis virus and Kemerovo fever agent. Conclusion. The reasons, induced the quantity changes of the ticks’ distribution at Tula Region terrains, apparently promote the rise in frequency of the ticks contamination with the agents of herd tick-transmissive infection. It demand an infectiologist’s attention rise and dictate the necessity of the above mentioned diseases monitoring as well as Fr. tularensis, the tick-borne encephalitis virus and Lyme disease.
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