Currently multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus is one
common cause of infections with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide,
which directs scientific endeavors in search for novel antimicrobials. In this study,
nine extracts from Bidens pilosa (root, stem, flower and leaves) and
Annona crassiflora (rind fruit, stem, leaves, seed and pulp) were
obtained with ethanol: water (7:3, v/v) and their in vitro
antibacterial activity evaluated through both the agar diffusion and broth
microdilution methods against 60 Oxacillin Resistant S. aureus
(ORSA) strains and against S. aureus ATCC6538. The extracts from
B. pilosa and A. crassiflora inhibited the
growth of the ORSA isolates in both methods. Leaves of B. pilosa
presented mean of the inhibition zone diameters significantly higher than
chlorexidine 0.12% against ORSA, and the extracts were more active against S.
aureus ATCC (p < 0.05). Parallel, toxicity testing by
using MTT method and phytochemical screening were assessed, and three extracts
(B. pilosa, root and leaf, and A. crassiflora,
seed) did not evidence toxicity. On the other hand, the cytotoxic concentrations
(CC50 and CC90) for other extracts ranged from 2.06 to 10.77
mg/mL. The presence of variable alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins was
observed, even though there was a total absence of anthraquinones. Thus, the extracts
from the leaves of B. pilosa revealed good anti-ORSA activity and
did not exhibit toxicity.
P. edulis infusion presented antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all experiments realized in this study, which could be related to the presence of triterpenoids and flavonoids. These results provide scientific support for the traditional use of this species in the management of pain and inflammation.
RESUMO:Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, Myrtaceae, é empregado na medicina popular como digestivo e antiinflamatório. A triagem fitoquímica da droga pulverizada (folhas) indicou a presença de flavonóides, taninos e óleo volátil. O extrato hidroetanólico a 70% das folhas de S. jambos foi preparado por percolação e liofilizado. O conteúdo de taninos das folhas e do extrato foi calculado, respectivamente, em 21,9% e 43,3%. O teor de flavonóides foi de 0,6% (folhas) e 1,2% (extrato). A administração oral prévia do extrato (400 mg/kg) a ratos Wistar reduziu significativamente as lesões gástricas induzidas por etanol acidificado. No modelo de úlcera subcrônica, com indução de lesão gástrica utilizando ácido acético a 30%, o tratamento com o extrato (400 mg/kg) não apresentou resultado significativo. A atividade antioxidante do extrato foi avaliada através dos modelos de lipoperoxidação e de medida de capacidade seqüestrante de radicais DPPH. Os valores obtidos de Q 1/2 (MDA) e CE 50 (DPPH) foram, respectivamente, 0,17 mg/mL e 5,68 mg/mL.Unitermos: Syzygium jambos, Myrtaceae, atividade antiúlcera, atividade antioxidante.ABSTRACT: "Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant activities of leaf extract of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae)". Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, Myrtaceae, is commonly employed in folk medicine as digestive and anti-inflammatory. Phytochemical screening of the powdered dried leaves indicates the presence of flavonoids, tannins and essential oil. Hydroethanol extracts (70%) were prepared by percolation and freeze-drying. The tannin content of dried leaves and extract was, respectively, 21.9% and 43.3%. The flavonoid content was 0.6% (dried leaves) and 1.2% (extract). Previous oral administration of S. jambos leaves extract (400 mg/kg) to rats reduced significantly gastric injury induced by HCl/ethanol. At the subcronic ulcer model by induction with 30% acetic acid the results were not significant. In vitro antioxidant activity of S. jambos extract was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and DPPH free radical method. The Q 1/2 for MDA assay was 0.17 mg/mL and the EC 50 for DPPH assay was 5.68 mg/mL.
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