Vários procedimentos são utilizados para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes, sendo fundamental a utilização daqueles que reflitam melhor o desempenho em campo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de soja por meio de testes de avaliação rápida, de vigor, de emergência de plântulas em campo e análise computadorizada de imagens (SVIS®), procurando identificar o procedimento mais eficiente na separação de lotes. Cinco lotes das cultivares BRS Valiosa RR e CD 208 foram avaliados em duas épocas (antes e após armazenamento) pelos testes de germinação, de avaliação rápida (embebição em água e pH do exsudato), de vigor (envelhecimento acelerado e condutividade elétrica), de emergência de plântulas em campo e análise computadorizada de imagens (SVIS®). Os testes de germinação em areia, de condutividade elétrica e de embebição em água foram eficientes na separação dos lotes, mas apenas este último possibilitou identificar diferenças consistentes entre os lotes nos dois períodos avaliados. Assim, o teste de embebição em água pode ser considerado promissor na composição de programas de controle de qualidade.
Corn seed producers have shown significant concern about variations in the seed storage potential of different hybrids, which may not perform as desired. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions on the physiological potential of seeds of different corn genotypes. Three experimental corn hybrids, each represented by three seed lots produced by Syngenta Seeds, were evaluated. Seeds were stored for fifteen months under three environments: cold and dry chamber (10 ºC and 30% relative humidity), laboratory environment, and controlled sub-optimal environment (20 ºC and 70% relative humidity). Seed performance was evaluated every three months by germination, accelerated aging and cold tests. Activity of the catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase and α-amilase enzymatic systems was also determined using electrophoresis. The storability of corn seeds from different genotypes can be consistently evaluated by associating germination and vigor test results with isoenzymatic activity. Storage under controlled sub-optimal temperature and relative humidity is an efficient procedure to provoke differences in intensity and speed of deterioration in corn seeds of different genotypes.
The assessment of physiological potential is essential in seed quality control programs. This study compared the sensitivity of different procedures for evaluating super sweet corn seed vigor, focusing on the primary root protrusion test. Six seed lots, each of the SWB 551 and SWB 585 hybrids, were used. Seed physiological potential was evaluated by germination and vigor tests (speed of germination, traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging, cold test, seedling length, seedling emergence and primary root protrusion). Primary root protrusion was evaluated every 12 hours at 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C using two criteria (primary root protrusion and seedlings at the 2 mm root stage). It was concluded that the primary root protrusion test at 15 °C can evaluate super sweet corn seed vigor by counting the number of seedlings at the 2 mm root stage.
The objective of this study was to evaluate pathogen incidence and vigor in different size classes of sweet corn seeds, after mechanical damage. Hybrid seeds 'SWB551' Dow AgroSciences ® were classified by sieves with different sizes and forms (RG, RM1, RM2 and RP, with circular sieves of 8.7, 7.9, 7.1 and 6.4 mm of diameter, respectively, and CG, CM and CP with oblong sieves with dimensions of 8.7 x 19.0, 7.9 x 19.0, 6.4 x 19.0 mm, respectively). Seeds were submitted for impacts against a metallic plate in order to have different intensities of mechanical damage (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 impacts) and stored at the Gomes Junior, F.G.; Timóteo, T.S.; Kobori, N.N.; Pupim, T.L.; Gagliardi, B.; Carvalho, T.C.; Moraes, M.H.D.; Menten, J.O.M.; Cicero, S.M.. Pathogen incidence and vigor in sweet corn seed after mechanical damage. Summa Phytopathologica, v.35, n.3, p.179-183, 2009 Keywords: Zea mays, seed healtl, Pungi temperature of 20 o C and 50-60% of relative humidity. The experimental design was a completely randomized with four repetitions, performing a factorial 7 x 5 (7 sieves and 5 damages intensities), totalizing 35 treatments. Seeds water content, mechanical damage (iodine dyeing), germination test, cold test and seed health test were evaluated. Variations in the incidence of pathogens among seeds with different sizes and forms were evidenced. Increasing mechanical damage did not favor increasing of pathogens incidence in seeds; however, it caused reduction on seed vigor. Palavras-chave adicionais: Zea mays, sanidade de sementes, fungos RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar a incidência de patógenos e o vigor de sementes de milho doce de diferentes classes de tamanhos submetidas a diferentes níveis de danos mecânicos, sementes do híbrido 'SWB551' Dow AgroSciences ® foram classificadas em peneiras com crivos de diferentes tamanhos e formas (RG, RM1, RM2 e RP com crivos circulares de 8,7; 7,9; 7,1 e 6,4 mm de diâmetro, respectivamente, e CG, CM e CP com crivos oblongos com dimensões de 8,7 x 19,0, 7,9 x 19,0, 6,4 x 19,0 mm, respectivamente), submetidas a impactos contra uma placa metálica de maneira que fossem obtidos tratamentos com diferentes intensidades de danos mecânicos (0, 1, 3, 5 e 7 impactos) e armazenadas por 5 meses em ambiente A injúria mecânica e a mistura varietal, são apontadas pelos tecnologistas, como dos mais sérios problemas da produção de sementes (4). Os danos podem ser provocados nas sementes a partir da colheita e nas etapas como beneficiamento, transporte e armazenamento (1, 4), e até mesmo durante a semeadura (1). Os danos são representados por quebras do pericarpo de tamanhos microscópicos até quebras grosseiras do pericarpo e da semente, facilmente visíveis a olho nu e também injúrias internas no embrião (18). Durante o beneficiamento, toda vez que as sementes passam por elevadores, transportadores, e através de máquinas, ocorrem quedas, impactos e abrasões os quais causam lesões no tegumento (16). Estas injúrias são influenciadas por vários fatores, com destaque para a intensidade e núme...
Para avaliar o efeito residual de fungicidas para o controle da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) em sementes de soja do cultivar BRS-133 utilizaram-se 13 tratamentos (Testemunha, Priori + Nimbus, Aproach + Nimbus, Priori Xtra + Nimbus, Sphere + Aureo, Opera, Stratego + Aureo, Nativo + Aureo, Impact Duo + Oppa, Celeiro + Iharol, Battle + Oppa, Aproach Prima + Nimbus, Folicur ). O experimento foi conduzido em campo experimental em Paulínia-SP, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O efeito residual dos fungicidas nas sementes foi analisado pelos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, germinação em areia e pelo teste de sanidade das sementes. Conclui-se que os tratamentos não influenciaram na qualidade das sementes e que o tratamento Battle + Oppa foi eficiente no controle do patógeno Cercospora kikuchii nas sementes.
RESUMOCom o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do condicionamento fisiológico e da qualidade de sementes sobre a época de florescimento de plantas de milho, foi realizado o presente trabalho. Foram utilizados lotes de sementes com qualidade fisiológica distinta de duas linhagens. Parte das sementes de cada lote foi condicionada em água, por período de 24 horas, totalizando quatro tratamentos, os quais foram avaliados na ausência e presença do "split" (sincronia de plantio) recomendado. Na área experimental, cada parcela foi composta por seis linhas de quatro metros cada uma, seguindo o delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas a porcentagem da emergência das plantas em campo, altura das plantas, as datas em que ocorreram 50% e 100% de liberação do pólen e de emissão do estilo-estigma e, ainda, a data da ausência de liberação de pólen das plantas do parental masculino e receptividade do estilo-estigma para as do parental feminino e a data em que as sementes estavam no estádio de desenvolvimento LL3. Quando foram utilizadas sementes com alta qualidade e sem condicionamento, não houve necessidade de se efetuar o "split". O mesmo ocorreu com sementes não condicionadas e com alta qualidade do parental mais tardio, associadas com sementes de baixa qualidade e condicionadas do parental mais precoce. Foi observado, também, que a diferença existente no florescimento dos parentais praticamente se estendeu até o desenvolvimento das sementes no estádio LL3. Palavras-chave:Zea mays, florescimento, condicionamento fisiológico, qualidade. ABSTRACT PRIMING, SEED QUALITY AND FLOWERING SYNCHRONISM IN A SEED PRODUCTION FIELD OF THE MAIZE HYBRID GNZ 2004In order to evaluate the effect of priming and physiological seed quality on maize flowering aiming the production of hybrid seeds, the following experimental procedure was carried out. Seed lots with distinct physiological quality of two lines were used. Part of each seed lot obtained was primed in water for 24 hours on a total of four treatments, which were evaluated in the presence and absence of the recommended split. In the experimental field, each plot was composed of six lines of four meters each, following the experimental design which consisted of a randomized complete block in four replications. The following variables were measured: percentage of field emergence, plant height, dates when 50% and 100% of pollen release and the emission of "stigmastyle" occurred; moreover the date of no pollen release of male parent and receptivity of "stigma-style" towards the female parent and the date when the seeds were at stage ML 3 of development. When high quality seeds and no priming were used, it was not necessary to use the split. The same happened to high quality non-primed seeds of the later parent associated with low quality and primed seeds of the earlier parent. It was also observed that the difference in flowering date between the parents extended until the date of ML 3.
Storage conditions and seed performance of different corn genotypes Seed storability is affected by several factors including genotype and environmental conditions. Corn seed producers are highly concerned with variations in seed longevity of different hybrids, resulting in lower performance than desired during the normal sowing season as much as during off season times. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions on the seed physiological potential of different corn genotypes to identify possible causes of changes in seed performance. Three experimental corn hybrids each represented by three seed lots produced by Syngenta Seeds were evaluated. Seeds were stored for fifteen months under three environments: cold and dry chamber (10ºC and 30% relative air humidity), laboratory, and controlled environment (20ºC and 70% relative air humidity). Seed performance was evaluated every three months by germination, accelerated aging and cold tests as well as field seedling emergence. Activity of the enzymatic systems superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), esterase (EST), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GTDH), α-amilase (α-AM) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was also determined using electrophoresis. The storability of corn seeds from different genotypes can be consistently evaluated by associating germination and vigor test results with isoenzymatic activity. Changes in alcohol dehydrogenase, catalase, esterase, α-amilase and sorbital dehydrogenase isoenzymatic systems can identify the progress of seed deterioration in corn and establish causes of differences in performance among seed genotypes and lots. Storage under sub-optimal temperature and relative air humidity is an efficient procedure to provoke differences in intensity and speed of seed deterioration in corn seeds of different genotypes.
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