Alternative use of the X-ray test to evaluate seed quality has become increasingly diverse. This study was performed primarily to establish experimental procedures and verify the effectiveness of the X-ray test to detect damage or abnormalities in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) seed structure associated with germination. Five seed lots each of hybrids Reinger and Sentinel were used. Two hundred seeds per lot were exposed to durations and intensities of X-radiation and visually classified into four categories according to the proportion between the area occupied by the embryo and endosperm in relation to the total cavity area in the internal seed structure, e.g. 0, < 50%, 50-75% and 100%. The last category was subdivided into two others based on the occurrence of morphological abnormalities. Seed samples obtained from different X-ray categories were then submitted to germination test at 25ºC for 14 days and subsequently compared with results of the X-ray analysis. Exposure to a 10 kV radiation for 260 s was the most suitable X-ray dose for visualizing seed structure. Seeds in which the area of the internal cavity occupied by the embryo and endosperm varied from 50-75% produced abnormal seedlings or did not germinate. Full seeds (100% of the internal cavity area occupied) with abnormal structure usually originated defective seedlings. As a consequence, the classification of bell pepper seeds according to the proportion occupied by the seed content (embryo + endosperm) allowed a reliable estimation of the degree of seed physical integrity based on X-ray analysis and its association with germination performance.
Para avaliar o efeito residual de fungicidas para o controle da ferrugem asiática (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) em sementes de soja do cultivar BRS-133 utilizaram-se 13 tratamentos (Testemunha, Priori + Nimbus, Aproach + Nimbus, Priori Xtra + Nimbus, Sphere + Aureo, Opera, Stratego + Aureo, Nativo + Aureo, Impact Duo + Oppa, Celeiro + Iharol, Battle + Oppa, Aproach Prima + Nimbus, Folicur ). O experimento foi conduzido em campo experimental em Paulínia-SP, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O efeito residual dos fungicidas nas sementes foi analisado pelos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, germinação em areia e pelo teste de sanidade das sementes. Conclui-se que os tratamentos não influenciaram na qualidade das sementes e que o tratamento Battle + Oppa foi eficiente no controle do patógeno Cercospora kikuchii nas sementes.
-The objective in this study was to verify the efficiency of different procedures for evaluating the physiological potential of bell pepper seed and identify its relationship with germination at different temperatures and with seedling emergence. Five seed lots each of the Reinger and Sentinel hybrids were used. Seed physiological potential was evaluated by germination, saturated salt accelerated aging (48 h/41 °C), seedling emergence (percentage and speed), and tetrazolium tests (preconditioning at 45 °C/3 h and seed staining at 45 °C/2 h). Germination (percentage and speed) on a thermogradient table at 15 °C, 18 °C, 21 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C was also evaluated the saturated salt accelerated aging and tetrazolium tests are suitable for access the physiological potential of bell pepper seeds. It was also confirmed that vigorous seed lots perform better when exposed to different temperatures during germination.Index terms: Capsicum annuum, seed analysis, germination, vigor, temperature.
PoTENCIAL FISIoLóGICo DE SEMENTES DE PIMENTão E RELAçõESCoM A EMERGêNCIA DE PLâNTULAS RESUMo -o presente trabalho, teve como objetivos verificar a eficiência de procedimentos para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de pimentão e identificar suas relações com a germinação sob diferentes temperaturas e com a emergência de plântulas. Utilizaram-se cinco lotes de sementes dos híbridos Reinger e Sentinel. A avaliação do potencial fisiológico foi efetuada mediante a condução de testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de NaCl (48 h/41 °C), emergência de plântulas (porcentagem e velocidade), tetrazólio (pré-condicionamento a 45 °C durante 3 h e coloração a 45 o C durante 2 h) e germinação (porcentagem e velocidade) em mesa termogradiente, a 15 °C, 18 °C, 21 °C, 25 °C e 30 °C. Concluiu-se que os testes de envelhecimento acelerado com solução saturada de NaCl e de de tetrazólio são adequados para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de pimentão e que lotes mais vigorosos apresentam desempenho consistente sob variações relativamente amplas da temperatura durante a germinação.Termos para indexação: Capsicum annuum, análise de sementes, germinação, vigor, temperatura.
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