Introduction: Despite a dramatic progress in improvements regarding infant mortality due to HIV/AIDS in the past decades, HIV/AIDS is causing a devastating impact on the world's children. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is by far the largest source of HIV infection in children under the age of 15, with 90% of the cases infected during pregnancy, birth, and major share is after birth.Therefore, this study follows infants after the first test (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing) is negative, until the occurrences of HIV positivity and predictors associated with it in the two hospital of Southern Ethiopia. Objective: The aim was to assess the incidence, Survival experiences and predictors of HIV positivity among infants born from HIV positive mothers in two hospital of Southern Ethiopia, 2014. Methodology: Institution-Based Retrospective follow up study was conducted at Hawassa Referral and Yirgalem General Hospital from September 2000 to August 2005 E.C. Data was collected by trained BSc nurses from medical registration book of 485 exposed infants. It was entered in to EPI Info 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Both Bivariate and Multiple variable Cox regression analysis were conducted to identify predictors. P-value< 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Among 457 participants included under analysis contributed for 4249.4 Person Months of follow up. Cumulative and overall incidence rate of HIV positivity among infants were 19(4.16%) and 4.47/1000 PM (95% CI: 4.02-4.92) respectively.

<p>As part of the overall package of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia, all children are provided with free immunization services and it is available in all government health facilities, both in rural and urban areas. But significant number of children was defaulted from Immunization schedule, even after the health extension program was launched. Therefore, the study was assessed predictors of immunization defaulting among children age range of 12-23 months, in Hawassa Zuria district of southern Ethiopia. Unmatched case control study was conducted in six Kebeles which were selected from 26 kebeles by simple random sampling techniques. Cases were children in the age ranges of 12 - 23 months who did not complete the recommended immunization. All cases (105) and controls (209) in the kebeles were identified by using health posts Vaccine registration book. Bivariable and multiple logistic regression model were used to identify important predictor of immunization defaulting. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as the level of significances. The study identified educational status, place of delivery, immunization related knowledge, ANC follow up and household wealth status as significant predictors of defaulting from immunization schedules. Sustained health education on vaccination related knowledge and institutional delivery services utilization will be needed. The household literacy and economic status should also get emphasis so as to decreases defaulting of children from immunization schedule.</p>

As part of the overall package of maternal and child health services in Ethiopia, all children are provided with free immunization services and it is available in all government health facilities, both in rural and urban areas. But significant number of children was defaulted from Immunization schedule, even after the health extension program was launched. Therefore, the study was assessed predictors of immunization defaulting among children age range of 12-23 months, in Hawassa Zuria district of southern Ethiopia. Unmatched case control study was conducted in six Kebeles which were selected from 26 kebeles by simple random sampling techniques. Cases were children in the age ranges of 12 -23 months who did not complete the recommended immunization. All cases (105) and controls (209) in the kebeles were identified by using health posts Vaccine registration book. Bivariable and multiple logistic regression model were used to identify important predictor of immunization defaulting. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as the level of significances. The study identified educational status, place of delivery, immunization related knowledge, ANC follow up and household wealth status as significant predictors of defaulting from immunization schedules. Sustained health education on vaccination related knowledge and institutional delivery services utilization will be needed. The household literacy and economic status should also get emphasis so as to decreases defaulting of children from immunization schedule.

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