Predictors of Immunization Defaulting among Children Age 12-23 Months in Hawassa Zuria District of Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Unmatched Case Control Study

Tesfaye, Fikru; Tamiso, Alemu; Birhan, Yemane; Tadele, Tariku

doi:10.11591/.v3i3.4692

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Mothers who have poor knowledge about childhood immunization were four times more likely to default from completion of child immunization than those of mothers with satisfactory knowledge. This is consistent with a study conducted in a different part of Ethiopia and a study from Nigeria that both showed that maternal knowledge about child immunization has an independent and significant association with completion of child immunization [ 13 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 29 ]. Lack of access to information and knowledge about, by whom, where, and when children should be vaccinated were significantly associated with defaulting from completion of children vaccinated [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Determinants of defaulting from completion of child immunization in Laelay Adiabo District, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: A case-control study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundGlobally 2.5 million children under five years of age die every year due to vaccine preventable diseases. In Tigray Region in Northern Ethiopia, full vaccination coverage in children is low. However, the determinants of defaulting from completion of immunization have not been studied in depth. This study aimed to identify the determinants of defaulting from child immunization completion among children aged 9–23 months in the Laelay Adiabo District, North Ethiopia.MethodsAn unmatched community based case-control study design was conducted among children aged 9–23 months in the Laelay Adiabo District from February—March 2015. A survey was conducted to identify the existence of cases and controls. Two hundred and seventy children aged 9–23 months (90 cases and 180 controls) were recruited from 11 kebeles (the smallest administrative units) by a simple random sampling technique using computer based Open Epi software. Cases were children aged 9–23 months who missed at least one dose of the recommended vaccine. Controls were children aged 9–23 months who had received all recommended vaccines. Data were collected from mothers/care givers using structured pretested questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Info version 3.5.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Bivariate and Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify the predictors of the outcome variable. The degree of association was assessed by using odds ratio with 95% Confidence Interval (CI).ResultThis study shows that mothers who take >30 minutes to reach the vaccination site (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.56,95%CI:1.58–8.01); households not visited by health extension workers at least monthly (AOR = 2.68,95%CI:1.30–5.51); poor participation in women's developmental groups (AOR = 3.3,95%CI 1.54–7.08); no postnatal care follow-up (AOR = 5.2,95%CI:2.36–11.46); and poor knowledge of child immunization (AOR = 3.3,95%CI:1.87–7.43) were predictors of defaulting from completion of child immunization.ConclusionPostnatal care follow-up, household visits by health extension workers and maternal participation in women’s development groups are important mediums for disseminating information and increasing knowledge to mothers about child immunization. To reduce the rate of defaulters, health providers should motivate and counsel mothers to attend postnatal care. Health extension workers should visit households at least once per month and strengthen mothers’ participation in the women’s development groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We computed the sample size by considering the predictor variables from previous case-control studies conducted in Ethiopia [ 18 , 19 ]. Maternal knowledge of the vaccination schedule was selected since it gave the maximum sample size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of defaulting from completion of child immunization in Laelay Adiabo District, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: A case-control study

et al. 2017

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“…Among sociodemographic factors, place of birth and type of residence were found to be independent factors that lead to incomplete immunization status of the child. Similar to our study, home delivery was found to be a risk factor in case-controlstudies carried out in Ethiopia [ 26 , 27 ]. The studies in a similar circumstance in India [ 21 ] and among migrant children in China [ 28 ] also supported the finding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This finding is similar to the descriptive study carried out in India [ 21 ]. A recent case-controlstudy carried out in Ethiopia [ 26 ] also showed that maternal immunization-related knowledge was one of the significant predictors of immunization defaulting. The possible explanation could be that if the caretakers have the knowledge about the schedule of the vaccination, they immunize the children on time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of incompletion of immunization among children residing in the slums of Kathmandu valley, Nepal: a case-control study

Shrestha

Wagle

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundImmunization is one of the most effective health interventions averting an estimated 2–3 million deaths every year. In Nepal, as in most low-income countries, infants are immunized with standard WHO recommended vaccines. However, 16.4 % of children did not receive complete immunization by 12 months of age in Nepal in 2011. Studies from different parts of the world showed that incomplete immunization is even higher in slums. The objective of this study was to identify the predictors of incompletion of immunization among children aged 12–23 months living in the slums of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.MethodsThe unmatched case-control study was conducted in 22 randomly selected slums of Kathmandu Valley. The sampling frame was first identified by complete enumeration of entire households of the study area from which 59 incompletely immunized children as cases and 177 completely immunized children as controls were chosen randomly in 1:3 ratio. Data were collected from the primary caretakers of the children. Backward logistic regression with 95 % confidence interval and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were applied to assess the factors independently associated with incomplete immunization.ResultTwenty-six percent of the children were incompletely vaccinated. The coverage of BCG vaccine was 95.0 % while it was 80.5 % for measles vaccine. The significant predictors of incomplete immunization were the home delivery of a child, the family residing on rent, a primary caretaker with poor knowledge about the schedule of vaccination and negative perception towards vaccinating a sick child, conflicting priorities, and development of abscess following immunization.ConclusionReduction of abscess formation rate can be a potential way to improve immunization rates. Community health volunteers should increase their follow-up on children born at home and those living in rent. Health institutions and volunteers should be influential in creating awareness about immunization, its schedule, and post-vaccination side effects.

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“…Moreover, the same source highlights the presence of significant regional variations in vaccine coverage. Existing studies of child immunization in the developing countries are primarily quantitative with a focus on the magnitude and completion rates, than others [ 4 , 8 - 12 ]. Moreover, while immunization of children might be affected by several factors, its identification using qualitative evidence collected from children's caretakers is generally minimal and narrow addressing aspects of the possible factors, often based on global reviews [ 13 - 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors and misperceptions of routine childhood immunization service uptake in Ethiopia: findings from a nationwide qualitative study

Tadesse

Getachew

Assefa³

et al. 2017

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionWhile the routine childhood immunization program might be affected by several factors, its identification using qualitative evidence of caretakers is generally minimal. This article explores the various factors and misperceptions of routine childhood immunization service uptake in Ethiopia and provides possible recommendations to mitigate them.MethodsIn this study, we used a qualitative multiple case study design collecting primary data from 63 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted with a purposefully selected sample of children's caretakers (n = 630).ResultsAccording to the results of this study, the use of routine childhood immunization is dependent on four major factors: caretakers' behavior, family characteristics, information and communication and immunization service system. In addition, the participants had some misperceptions about routine childhood immunization. For example, immunization should be taken when the child gets sick and a single dose vaccine is enough for a child. These factors and misperceptions are complex and sometimes context-specific and vary between categories of caretakers.ConclusionOur interpretations suggest that no single factor affects immunization service uptake alone in a unique way. Rather, it is the synergy among the factors that has a collective influence on the childhood immunization system. Therefore, intervention efforts should target these multiple factors simultaneously. Importantly, this study recommends improving the quality of existing childhood immunization services and building awareness among caretakers as crucial components.

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Predictors of Immunization Defaulting among Children Age 12-23 Months in Hawassa Zuria District of Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Unmatched Case Control Study

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Determinants of defaulting from completion of child immunization in Laelay Adiabo District, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: A case-control study

Determinants of defaulting from completion of child immunization in Laelay Adiabo District, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia: A case-control study

Predictors of incompletion of immunization among children residing in the slums of Kathmandu valley, Nepal: a case-control study

Factors and misperceptions of routine childhood immunization service uptake in Ethiopia: findings from a nationwide qualitative study

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